Swallow-tailed Manakin
Chiroxiphia caudata
A very common inhabitant of humid forests. Small chunky manakin with elongated central tail feathers. Males are unmistakable with their blue bodies, black wings and head, and red crown. Females are uniformly green with a dark eye and pale legs and bill. Very noisy at the display lek where males can be heard from a long way off delivering soft “kua-a-a-a” notes.
识别特征
At a length of around 15 cm (5.9 in) and a weight of around 25.6 g (0.90 oz), this small sparrow-sized bird may be the largest species within the diminutive manakin family. Formerly, the name "swallow-tailed manakin" was used widely, but as it is misleading (the tail is unlike that of any swallow), this name has largely been abandoned for "superior blue manakin". As suggested by this common name, the male is – by far – the manakin with most blue to the plumage. The entire body is bright blue, while the wings, tail and head, except for the red cap, are black. The far duller female is greenish-brown overall. Both sexes have elongated central rectrices.<p>Juvenile males resemble the adult female, but gradually develop first the red crown, then the black face-sides, and finally the remaining plumage of the adult male. The males form leks, typically consisting of a single adult and two sub-adult males, where they sing and "dance" to attract females. This was shown in the BBC's The Life of Birds documentary series. Due to the pronounced hypergamous nature of its females, up to 90% of male blue manakins never mate.
分类信息
- 学名
- Chiroxiphia caudata
- 命名信息
- (Shaw, 1793)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Pipridae
- 属
- Chiroxiphia
分布与栖息地
This bird is found in north-eastern Argentina, southern and south-eastern Brazil, and Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and heavily degraded former forest. It is generally common in the appropriate habitats within its range.<p>One to five males live within an area of 100 meters^2, consisting of one alpha male, one beta male, and a few gamma males. Each area has four to six display perches which are horizontal vines, branches, or lianas one meter off the ground. The main display arena is cleaned by the alpha and beta males by removing moss, leaves, or twigs from the perch, making it appear whiter.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Araguaia Spinetail
Synallaxis simoni
Typical spinetail with a long spiky tail, a grayish-brown head, bright cinnamon wings and tail, a white throat, and pale buffy underparts. Sexes similar. Limited range near the Araguaia River in Brazil, where it inhabits the understory of gallery forest. The song is a sharp “keeeu”, often repeated.
Blue-throated Goldentail
Chlorestes eliciae
Uncommon and local, rather small hummingbird of humid forest edge, plantations, and woodlands in tropical lowlands and foothills. Perches and feeds mainly at middle to upper levels in shady understory and at edges. Note the bright red bill and greenish-gold tail (which often looks grayish). Male has violet gorget. Female has violet throat spotting, but often these areas look rather dull and grayish unless they catch the light.
Black-capped Speirops
Zosterops lugubris
A bulky, gray-olive white-eye with a dark crown, a pinkish-brown bill, a broad white eye-ring, and a white line from shoulders to flanks. Small to large groups join mixed flocks in forest and plantation throughout São Tomé, but it prefers highland forest above 900 meters. Its loud, rolling musical song is one of the dominant sounds on the island, but it also gives a demure chittering. Black-capped Speirops may join the same flocks as Sao Tome White-eye, which is slightly smaller and duller, without the distinctive dark cap.
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