Araguaia Spinetail
Synallaxis simoni
Typical spinetail with a long spiky tail, a grayish-brown head, bright cinnamon wings and tail, a white throat, and pale buffy underparts. Sexes similar. Limited range near the Araguaia River in Brazil, where it inhabits the understory of gallery forest. The song is a sharp “keeeu”, often repeated.
识别特征
The Araguaia spinetail is 15 to 16 cm (5.9 to 6.3 in) long. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have dull whitish lores on an otherwise brownish gray face. Their crown is grayish brown, their mantle, back, and rump bright rufous, and their uppertail coverts dark rufous. Their wings are bright rufous with fuscous-brown tips on the flight feathers. Their tail is dark rufous; it is graduated and the feathers have blunt tips. Their throat is white; their underparts are mostly tan with a whitish center on a paler belly. Their iris is cinnamon brown, their maxilla black to dark gray, their mandible gray, and their legs and feet gray to dull brownish.
分类信息
The Araguaia spinetail has at times been treated as a subspecies of the white-lored spinetail (S. albilora), and both have also been treated as subspecies of the plain-crowned spinetail (S. gujanensis). Starting in 2016 with BirdLife International, taxonomists accepted it as a species in its own right. The International Ornithological Committee and the Clements taxonomy made the change in 2023. However, the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society has not done so.<p>The Araguaia spinetail is monotypic.
- 学名
- Synallaxis simoni
- 命名信息
- Hellmayr, 1907
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Synallaxis
分布与栖息地
The Araguaia spinetail is found in east-central Brazil along the Araguaia River and some of its tributaries, in northwestern Goiás, southwestern Tocantins, southeastern Pará, and northeastern Mato Grosso. It inhabits landscapes very near water including gallery forest, riparian woodland and scrublands, and river islands. It occurs below 1,000 m (3,300 ft) of elevation.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Araguaia spinetail is a year-round resident.<p>The Araguaia spinetail's diet has not been studied. It usually forages in pairs, in vines and tangles in the understorey, mostly up to about 2 m (7 ft) above the ground. It gleans its prey from foliage and small branches.<p>The Araguaia spinetail's nest is a mass of sticks with a horizontal entrance tunnel placed near the ground in a shrub or small tree. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The Araguaia spinetail's song is a "single nasal downslurred note keeeu, repeated at intervals of 1‒3 seconds". It also makes a "nasal single disyllabic note ki-eet". Both sexes sing. They sing mainly in the morning, and from a hidden perch in vegetation.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Orange-crowned Warbler
Leiothlypis celata
Nondescript warbler, generally olive-colored overall, but different populations vary from grayer to brighter yellow. Overall very plain and unmarked, but note short darkish line through eye and thin pale eye arcs. Forages for insects in scrubby areas, woodland edge, and thickets. Namesake orange crown is very difficult to see, and usually only a faint wash at best. More common in western North America, from Alaska to Mexico, where populations are brighter yellow-green. Birds in eastern North America are scarcer and drabber, often with a more contrasting grayish head. Bright yellow undertail coverts help separate Orange-crowned from the similarly drab Tennessee Warbler.
Barred Tinamou
Crypturellus casiquiare
Very rare and poorly known tinamou of remote lowland rainforest. Existing records suggest that it favors areas with sandy soil. Rather small for a tinamou, with a chestnut head, a black back, wings marked with rusty bars, dingy underparts, and a pale throat. Few birders have ever seen it, and even hearing one requires some luck. Song is a series of whistles that starts out by accelerating and rising slightly in pitch, then slows down and falls towards the end.
Piapiac
Ptilostomus afer
A unique, slender magpie-like bird with a long narrowing tail and a chunky bill. Adults are uniform glossy black; immatures have black-tipped pink bills. Resident in open savanna with palms, in cultivated areas, and in rural villages. Forages on the ground in groups, often near larger mammals including domestic stock, walking on the ground or riding on the back of the mammal. Also perches in treetops and palms when roosting or resting. Loaded with character. Groups sometimes become garrulous when calling to each other, mostly giving piping high-pitched starling-like “cheeet” calls.
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