Brown Tinamou
Crypturellus obsoletus
A rusty-colored tinamou with a grayish head and darker brown back. The vent is barred, but can be hard to see. Frequents humid forest (including second growth forests) with a dense understory, where it is shy and hard to see. The song is a long series of loud ascending whistles; the pauses between them can be long or short.
识别特征
The brown tinamou is approximately 25 to 30 cm (9.8–11.8 in) in length and it weighs about 350 to 550 g (12–19 oz). Depending on the subspecies involved, the upperparts vary from dark sooty-brown to bright chestnut and the underparts, which usually are paler than the upperparts, vary from chestnut to light ochraceous. The subspecies griseiventris is unique in having pale buff-grey underparts. All subspecies can be separated from the superficially similar little tinamou by the greyish (rather than whitish) throat. Females are typically larger and more rufescent than the males.
分类信息
All tinamous are usually treated in a single family (Tinamidae) and, contrary to traditional classifications, they are embedded within the group known as ratites, most closely related to the extinct moa of New Zealand. However, unlike ratites (ostriches, rheas, moa, kiwis, emus, cassowaries & elephantbirds), tinamous are capable of flight, although in general, they are not strong fliers. Different ratite lineages evolved separately from ancient flying birds, and tinamous are thought to most closely resemble these ancestral ratites.<p>Its distribution is highly disjunct and the subspecies, which quite probably represent more than one species, are distributed as follows:<p>Additionally, there are records from north Mato Grosso in Brazil, but it remains unclear which subspecies is involved. Most subspecies occur in highlands, but hypochraceus, griseiventris, and the southern populations of the nominate taxon occur in lowlands. It is uncommon to rare in most of its range, but commoner in southeastern Brazil, where it is the most frequently encountered member of its genus.
- 学名
- Crypturellus obsoletus
- 命名信息
- (Temminck, 1815)
- 目
- Tinamiformes
- 科
- Tinamidae
- 属
- Crypturellus
分布与栖息地
The brown tinamou is located in northern Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, northern and southern Brazil, extreme northeastern Argentina, eastern Bolivia, and eastern Paraguay. They may also be in Uruguay.<p>They live in tropical and sub-tropical moist lowland and montane forests, preferring elevations between 1,300 to 2,900 m (4,300–9,500 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
As other tinamous of its genus, it is a shy, ground-dwelling species, which usually is encountered singly or in pairs. It feeds on fruits, insects, and seeds. The female lays 4-5 deep pink to dark glossy brown eggs on the ground; typically in a small depression at the base of a tree. Its song consists of loud, high-pitches whistles, but exact structure and timbre vary over its range.
保护状况
The IUCN classifies the brown tinamou as Least Concern, with an occurrence range of 1,700,000 km2 (660,000 sq mi).
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Checker-throated Stipplethroat
Epinecrophylla fulviventris
This antwren is tiny, round, and short-tailed. There are no bright colors, just a mix of buffy underparts and grayer-brown upperparts. Look for the male’s distinctive black-and-white spotting on throat. Female lacks this feature, but note her dark wing with buffy spots. Both sexes have a pale eye. Found in pairs or small flocks, usually in the lower levels of forests. Often joins larger mixed-species flocks.
Dambo Cisticola
Cisticola dambo
Small cisticola that is pale and buffy below, and dark on the back. The crown, back of the neck, and back are heavily streaked. Note specific habitat preferences, which can help with identification: found in seepage zones of seasonally wet grasslands, alongside but in wetter situations than Wing-snapping Cisticolas, but avoiding the seasonally flooded habitat of Pale-crowned Cisticola. Very similar to Wing-snapping and Pale-crowned Cisticolas, but longer-tailed than both, and further distinguished from Pale-crowned in breeding plumage by the streaked crown. Also similar to Zitting and Desert Cisticolas, but has a different voice, and is darker on the back. Song consists of nasal notes, given from a low perch (termite mound or grass stem) or occasional brief display flight at grass top height. In contrast to other small cisticolas, it does not have a true aerial display flight.
Okinawa Woodpecker
Dendrocopos noguchii
Dark, reddish-brown woodpecker with a long pale bill. Occurs in mature broadleaf evergreen forests of Yanbaru Forest, northern Okinawa Island, where it is endemic and critically endangered. Calls similar to other woodpeckers, with various combinations of sharp sounds. Drumming gradually accelerates toward the end.
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