Black-capped Pygmy-Tyrant

Common and fairly widespread across much of North America and the Caribbean. Medium-sized songbird with a relatively long tail, small head, and short bill. Gray above and paler whitish below. Note white wingbars and large white patch at the base of the primaries. Found in a variety of open habitats with scattered bushes or trees, often close to human settlements. Well-known for its impressive mimicry; often includes a wide range of other birds, car alarms, slamming doors, and other mechanical noises in its song. Limited range overlap with Tropical Mockingbird at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Mexico; Northern is most easily identified by its large white wing patches.

Chunky, stout-billed bird found only in southwestern Peru, where it inhabits coastal hills and arid Andean slopes. Plumage is mostly brown, lacking strong markings, but note its thick curved bill and pale eyebrow. Chestnut wing patch is usually only visible in flight. Short tail helps separate it from Buff-breasted Earthcreeper and White-throated Earthcreeper. Mostly terrestrial, and often seen perching on rocks.

Large, imperious stone-gray heron, very locally distributed and extremely rare. Note dark gray wings, pale throat patch, and white belly. Shows strong black-and-white contrast on the underwing when in flight. Inhabits waterside areas surrounded by mature broadleaf forests in foothill and mountainous areas; particularly favors pristine mountain rivers and streams. Declining due to habitat degradation.