Tapajos Scythebill
Campylorhamphus probatus
A brown, tree-climbing bird with a strongly curved bill. Appears small-headed; plumage is mostly rufous-brown with buffy streaking on head and neck. Found in tall rainforest, where it is uncommon and locally distributed; often occurs in areas with extensive bamboo thickets. Generally shy and rather difficult to observe. Forages at middle and upper levels, using extraordinary bill to probe into deep bark crevices, bromeliads, and broken bamboo stems. Regularly follows mixed-species flocks. Song is a fast, rich trill, rising and falling slightly in pitch, often preceded by a longer overslurred note. Curved bill should immediately distinguish this species from other woodcreepers in range. Occurs in central Amazonia, south of the Amazon River, between the Madeira and Xingu Rivers.
识别特征
The Tapajos scythebill is 22.5 to 25 cm (8.9 to 9.8 in) long and weighs 31.5 to 38 g (1.1 to 1.3 oz). It is a slim, medium-sized woodcreeper with a very long, slim, dramatically decurved bill. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies C. p. probatus have a light blackish head. Their back and wing coverts are dull rufous-brown with inconspicuous lighter streaks. Their rump and tail are chestnut. Their throat is dull white with a streaked appearance. Their underparts are dull brown with narrow buffy streaks with indistinct darker borders on the breast that don't continue onto the belly. Their iris is dark brown to chestnut and their bill has a blackish maxilla and a paler mandible. Subspecies C. p. cardosoi has much narrower streaks on the upper back that minimally extend to the lower back, whitish streaks on the breast with well defined darker borders, and a brown maxilla.
分类信息
The Tapajos scythebill was long considered conspecific with the curve-billed scythebill (C. procurvoides). By the early 2010s BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) had separated it as this species. In July 2023 the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) adopted the split and in October 2023 the Clements taxonomy followed suit. The three systems assign it these two subspecies:<p>Subspecies C. p. cardosoi was initially described as a species in its own right.<p>The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society retains these two taxa within the curve-billed scythebill.
- 学名
- Campylorhamphus probatus
- 命名信息
- Zimmer, JT, 1934
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Campylorhamphus
分布与栖息地
Subspecies C. p. probatus of the Tapajos scythebill is found in southwestern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River between the Madeira and Tapajós rivers. C. p. cardosoi is found in eastern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon between the Tapajós and Xingu rivers and south into Mato Grosso state. The species inhabits humid evergreen forest. It greatly favors terra firme but occasionally occurs in floodplain and seasonally flooded forest. It often occurs in bamboo thickets or vine-rich areas. In all forest types the species favors the interior though it does visit the forest edges. In elevation it occurs below 500 m (1,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Tapajos scythebill is assumed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The Tapajos scythebill's diet has not been described but is assumed to be mostly if not entirely arthropods. It almost always forages as part of mixed-species feeding flocks and will occasionally follow army ant swarms. It forages by gleaning and probing while hitching up and along trunks, branches, vines, and bamboo.<p>Nothing is known about the Tapajos scythebill's breeding biology.<p>The nominate Tapajos scythebill's song is "a rapid trill...often (not always) with [a] longer introductory note, 'wheee, di, di-di-di-di-di-di-di-di-di-di-di-di-di-dew' ". That of C. p. cardosoi is similar, but with a higher-pitched introductory note and a faster pace. The species's usual call is "an explosive, relatively harsh 'chit-di-dit' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
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