White-bearded Helmetcrest
Oxypogon lindenii
This distinctive, short-billed hummingbird is an iconic denizen of the high paramo. Both sexes have a dull green body, white throat and v-like collar, and dusky, forked tail. Male’s black face is set off by spiky black-and-white crest and long white beard. Seasonally common and territorial, perching on plants or rocks or foraging in paramo vegetation. Often found in areas with boulders and water. Voice is a high pitch note “peek….peek…peek.” No similar species in range. Endemic to the Andes of Venezuela.
识别特征
The white-bearded helmetcrest is about 11.5 cm (4.5 in) long and weighs about 4.8 g (0.17 oz). It has a short straight bill. The adult male has a long black and white crest and a mostly black face with a wide white "collar". Its upperparts are bronzy green with a slight gray scaly appearance. It has a long thin white "beard". The rest of the underparts are dingy gray with green spots. The tail is moderately long and forked. The upper side of its central feathers are olive green and the rest dusky; the underside of the feathers are maroon with white shafts and some narrow white at the base. The adult female is similar to the male but lacks the crest and beard, and its underparts are dull white with dense greenish brown spots. Juveniles are not well studied but are believed to resemble the adult female.
分类信息
The white-bearded helmetcrest was formerly considered to be a subspecies of what was known as the bearded helmetcrest (Oxypogon guerinii). The white-bearded helmetcrest was promoted to species status when the bearded helmetcrest was split into four species based on a study of biometric and plumage data published in 2013. The nominate subspecies was renamed the green-bearded helmetcrest. The white-bearded helmetcrest is monotypic.
- 学名
- Oxypogon lindenii
- 命名信息
- (Parzudaki, 1845)
- 目
- Caprimulgiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Oxypogon
分布与栖息地
The white-bearded helmetcrest is found only in the Andes of northwestern Venezuela, in Mérida and Trujillo states. It inhabits humid páramo, especially that with Espeletia vegetation. It also sometimes occurs at the edge of Polylepis woodlands. Females often occur in gorges while males tend to remain in more open landscapes. In elevation the species ranges between 3,600 and 4,500 m (11,800 and 14,800 ft) though there is at least one record as low as 2,800 m (9,200 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-bearded helmetcrest migrates from the high páramo in the wet season to lower elevations in the dry.<p>The white-bearded helmetcrest feeds on nectar; it especially favors Espeletia schultzii and Castilleja fissifolia. It nectars by clinging to flowers rather than hovering. It also feeds on insects and their larvae. It catches insects on the ground or by jumping or hawking from the ground or a perch. It picks larvae from vegetation.<p>The white-bearded helmetcrest's breeding season is tied to the flowering of Espeletia and is usually between June and November. It makes a large nest of Espeletia fibers in cavities or below overhangs where it is protected from sun and rain. The clutch size it two eggs; the female incubates for 21 to 23 days and fledging occurs 35 to 38 days after hatch.<p>The white-bearded helmetcrest's song is "a repeated, high-pitched, slightly buzzy, single note 'tzee' or 'peek'" that it sings repeatedly from a perch on a small shrub during the breeding season.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Firethroat
Calliope pectardens
Male is stunning, with a metallic blue back, a black mask extending down to the shoulder, and a burning flame-orange throat and breast. Female is plain brown and very difficult to distinguish from female Indian Blue Robin (which generally breeds at lower altitudes than Firethroat) and Siberian Blue Robin (which overlaps with Firethroat only on migration); look out for the female Firethroat’s relatively brighter white throat, darker underparts, and lack of scaling on the breast. The species is shy, keeping to the undergrowth, but will emerge into the open to sing; song is repetitive and pleasant, with imitations and deeper notes thrown in. Breeds in dense, low montane vegetation; winters in similar habitat in lower foothills.
Philippine Leaf Warbler
Phylloscopus olivaceus
A small bird of forests from the lowlands to low elevations in the mountains. Olive-green on the back with golden-olive wings and tail and a dark crown and eye-stripe. Whitish on the belly and throat with a pale yellow eyebrow and yellow under the base of the tail. Note the dark pinkish legs and the bicolored bill, dark above and orange below. Similar to Lemon-throated Leaf Warbler, but has a whitish throat. Differs from Arctic-type warblers in lacking any wingbars. Song consists of a lazy up-and-down sequence of high-pitched whistled notes.
Marble-faced Bristle-Tyrant
Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus
Small flycatcher found in foothill and subtropical forest from around 800-2200m. Grizzled face pattern with bold black and white crescent on cheek like some other bristle-tyrants and tyrannulets. Look for all dark bill and yellow wingbars to identify Marble-faced. Sexes alike. Found singly or in pairs, usually in lower to middle levels of forest, often following a mixed speices flock. Voice is also important: a descending sputter followed by a few rising “tseep!” notes.
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