Salvin's Prion
Pachyptila salvini
A pale powder-blue-and-white seabird with a faint grayish dark “M” across the upperwings. Note the dark blue “thumb mark” collar, the blue eye-stripe, the white eyebrow, the white throat, and the grayish cap. Almost identical to Antarctic Prion, but bulkier and more heavy-chested, with a slightly wider bill. Essentially identical to MacGillivray’s Prion, with which it shares the breeding island of Gough, in the South Atlantic; MacGillivray’s has a slightly broader bill, but identification likely to be impossible at sea in most cases. Present species also breeds on the Crozet and Prince Edward Islands, and ranges from off southern Africa to New Zealand.
识别特征
Salvin's prion is a small 29 cm (11 in) petrel with grey and white plumage,[citation needed] and a blue bill. Like the broad-billed prion it has lamellae in its bill in order to filter seawater for food.[citation needed]
分类信息
Salvin's prion is a member of the genus Pachyptila and of the subgenus Salviprion Mathews, 1943. Along with the blue petrel, they make up the prions. They in turn are members of the family Procellariidae, and the order Procellariiformes. The prions are small and typically eat just zooplankton; however as a member of the Procellariiformes, they share certain identifying features. First, they have nasal passages that attach to the upper bill called naricorns. Although the nostrils on the prion are on top of the upper bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between 7 and 9 horny plates. They produce a stomach oil made up of wax esters and triglycerides that is stored in the proventriculus. This is used against predators as well as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights. Finally, they also have a salt gland that is situated above the nasal passage and helps desalinate their bodies, due to the high amount of ocean water that they imbibe. It excretes a high saline solution from their nose.
- 学名
- Pachyptila salvini
- 命名信息
- (Mathews, 1912)
- 目
- Procellariiformes
- 科
- Procellariidae
- 属
- Pachyptila
分布与栖息地
The breeding distribution of the Salvin's prion is restricted to Crozet Islands and Prince Edward Island. Salvin's prion breeds principally on Île aux Cochons in the Crozet Islands, where four million pairs are thought to breed.[citation needed] Other breeding colonies include Prince Edward Island, St Paul Island and Amsterdam Island.[citation needed] At sea they range from South Africa eastwards to New Zealand.
- 繁殖区
- IO : Prince Edward and Crozet is. (sw Indian Ocean)
- 非繁殖区
- to s African and s Australasian waters
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
This small prion breeds colonially on a number of subantarctic islands in the southern Indian Ocean. The colonies of medium-billed prions are attended nocturnally in order to avoid predation by skuas. The nests are concealed in burrows usually dug into soil. Nests are attended regularly for several months prior to breeding. A single egg is laid in November or early December, which is incubated for around 50 days. Both parents share the incubation duties and feed the chick once it is hatched. The chicks fledge around 60 days after hatching.[citation needed]<p>The main components of its diet are amphipods and krill, although it will also take fish and squid. In addition to filter feeding, food is obtained by seizing and hydroplaning.
保护状况
Salvin's prion is not considered threatened with extinction. Although numbers have declined on some islands where rats and feral cats have been introduced,[citation needed] the world population is estimated at around 12 million birds. Consequently, they are given a classification of Least Concern.
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
其他鸟类
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Large turkeylike bird found in extensive areas of sagebrush. Both sexes gray overall with very fine patterning, black belly, and long pointed tail. Males have a white breast and a black throat. Spectacular male display involves fanning tail, inflating yellow air sacs on chest, and thrusting them forward to produce liquidy popping noises. Extremely similar to more widespread Greater Sage-Grouse but smaller and no range overlap. Also note lighter tail and longer head plumes on Gunnison when displaying. Most easily seen at display sites in early spring; can be very inconspicuous at other times of year. Tends to forage in wet riparian areas near sagebrush. Population in decline.
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