Gray-throated Babbler

Difficult to identify, a fairly large flycatcher with grayish brown upperparts, pale throat and chest, and pale yellow belly. Easily confused with other related flycatcher species, especially Short-crested Flycatcher. Venezuelan shows a straighter bill with pinkish at base, as well as different voice. Sexes similar. Locally common or in low densities, usually alone, in dry to humid forest, gallery forest, savanna with trees, and scrubby areas next to forested areas. Less vocal than other flycatchers and similar by voice to Dusky-capped Flycatcher, but the song is a longer and melancholic “puuuueeEEEuuuuu.” Found only in Colombia and Venezuela.

A large starling with a long, tapered tail and a long, thin bill. The base color is blue-black in males, dark gray in females. The wings have a large red patch that is conspicuous in flight. Found in a variety of habitats at middle and high elevation, including forest, moorland, cliffs, and sometimes human structures. Often forms large flocks. Gives a variety of calls, including a clear “cheed-lit,” harsh rasps, and long conversational series. Similar to Red-winged Starling, but has a longer, more tapered tail and a slimmer bill.

A big fluffy shrike with unusual white and dark brown coloration. Note the white crown and the white rump patch that is conspicuous in floppy flight. Immatures look very different, with a dark crown and white cheek, but usually associate with adults. Found in dry savanna and woodland, usually in small flocks. Perches up conspicuously and swoops to the ground to catch prey. Similar to White-crowned Shrike, but ranges don’t overlap. Loud and unmelodious vocalizations include cawing and scolding notes.