Oriole Blackbird
Gymnomystax mexicanus
Beautiful and unmistakable: larger than most orioles, predominantly golden-yellow with black back, wings, and tail. Also note black surrounding eye and black mustache. Stout pointed bill typical of this family. Sexes alike. Found in open habitats including grasslands, marshes, and open woodland, often associated with water. Usually in small flocks. A lowland bird, not usually wandering higher than a couple hundred meters in elevation.
识别特征
The oriole blackbird grows to a length of nearly 30 cm (12 in). The sexes are similar in appearance. The head, neck, shoulders and underparts are bright yellow; the back, wings, rump and tail are black, apart from the lower wing-coverts showing a strip of yellow. The eye is brown and is surrounded by a black eye ring, and the large bill and feet are blackish. The voice consists of several loud, scratchy calls, uttered from elevated perches or emitted when on the wing. One is a screech that resembles the sound made by a rusty hinge.
分类信息
In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the oriole blackbird in his Ornithologie based on a specimen which he mistakenly believed had been collected in New Spain. He used the French name Le troupiale brun de la Nouvelle Espagne and the Latin Icterus Fuscus Novae Hispaniae. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the oriole blackbird. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Oriolus mexicanus, cited Brisson's work and gave the type location as Mexico. The type location was subsequently designated as Cayenne in French Guiana. This species is now the only member of the genus Gymnomystax that was introduced by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1850. The name Gymnomystax combines the Ancient Greek words gumnos "bare" and mustax "moustache". The species is monotypic.
- 学名
- Gymnomystax mexicanus
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1766)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Icteridae
- 属
- Gymnomystax
分布与栖息地
This icterid is found in the northern part of South America. Its range includes French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and northern Brazil. Its typical habitat is grassy areas with isolated trees near rivers, marshes, islands in rivers and gallery forest.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The oriole blackbird is usually seen in pairs or small groups but does not form mixed species flocks. It perches in prominent positions on small trees or on the top of bushes and forages mostly on the ground, especially in muddy areas near water. They feed on invertebrates such as earthworms, caterpillars and winged insects, as well as frogs and fruit, and sometimes tear open ripening maize cobs to feed on the seeds.<p>Breeding takes place in May and June. The nest is a cup-shaped structure about 17 cm (7 in) in diameter, loosely woven out of dry grass and weed stems, and lined with rootlets. The eggs are pale blue with black, brown and lilac blotches and spots. The shiny cowbird, a brood parasite, sometimes lays its egg in an oriole blackbird's nest. The incubation period is about 18 days and the incubation is done solely by the female. Both parents join in feeding the chicks with small invertebrates and frogs which are not regurgitated but brought whole to the nest in the parent's beak.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Plains Lark
Corypha kabalii
A large, robust rusty lark with a short crest, hefty bill, and rufous wing panel that is obvious in flight. Geographically variable, ranging from rufous on the back and plain and buffy below to gray on the back with streaks on the pale breast. Pairs are resident in open grassland, grassy savanna, woodland, and cultivated areas. The song is a simple combination of 2-3 whistled notes, repeated over and over. Separated from other larks in its range by its larger size and larger bill.
Wallace's Owlet-nightjar
Aegotheles wallacii
A medium-sized owlet-nightjar of foothill forests. Dark brown wings and tail with barring and some additional white flecks on the wings. Dark head, whitish belly and buffy base to the chest covered with irregular, dark arrowhead marks. Potentially co-occurs with Mountain, Vogelkop and Barred Owlet-Nightjars, but Wallace’s lacks the distinct barring of Barred and Vogelkop, and the pale collar of all 3 species. Voice a simple, whistled “pweet pyuut” with the first note falling and second lower. Sometimes just one of these notes given.
Dusky Broadbill
Corydon sumatranus
Strange-looking bird with predominantly dark plumage, a pale “bib,” and an enormous, deep-set pink bill. Its long body and bulky build makes it seem more like an aberrant roller than a large broadbill. Forages like a roller, frequently making forays from a perch, but much more social, often being encountered in noisy medium-sized groups. Found in forests from lowlands up into the highlands, typically in wetter areas. Gives many different calls, including an ascending series of squeaky notes, as well as mellow single notes and less pleasant-sounding croaks and rattles.
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