Peruvian Pygmy-Owl
Glaucidium peruanum
Very small owl of desert and western foothills of the Andes; no other pygmy-owl in its range. Overall plumage tones vary from brown to gray-brown, rarely rusty brown. Often active in daytime. Fairly common but easily overlooked, although persistent tooting song and presence of mobbing small birds can draw attention. Found in woodlands, hedges with taller trees, gardens, and locally in more open country. Ranges low to high, from canopy of tallest trees to low in thickets; sometimes perches on roadside wires.
识别特征
The Pacific pygmy owl is 15 to 17 cm (5.9 to 6.7 in) long. Males weigh about 60 g (2.1 oz) and females about 65 g (2.3 oz). In addition to being heavier, females also have slightly longer wings and tails than males, but both sexes have the same plumage. The species has gray, brown, and rufous color morphs, with the first two predominating. The upperparts of gray morph adults are grayish brown with buff streaks on the forecrown and buff spots on the crown and nape. An incomplete white "collar" and oval black spots on the neck give the appearance of eyes. The shoulders and back have whitish spots. The tail is also grayish brown, with up to seven whitish bars across it. The throat is white, the sides of the breast grayish brown, and the rest of the underparts whitish with rufuous streaks. The other morphs replace the grayish brown with dark brown or rufous respectively. In addition, the bars on the rufous morph's tail are rusty brown or orange-buff and the streaking on the underparts is more diffuse than on the other two morphs. In all morphs the eye is lemon yellow and the bill and feet yellow-green. Juveniles have essentially the same plumage as adults but their crown has no streaks or spots.
分类信息
The Peruvian pygmy owl was first described as a species by Claus König, a German ornithologist, in 1991. Until then it had been treated as a subspecies of the widespread ferruginous pygmy owl (G. brasilianum). König separated the two primarily by their vocal differences; their ranges do not overlap. The Pacific pygmy owl is monotypic.
- 学名
- Glaucidium peruanum
- 命名信息
- König, C, 1991
- 目
- Strigiformes
- 科
- Strigidae
- 属
- Glaucidium
分布与栖息地
The Pacific pygmy owl is found on the western slope of the Andes from Manabí, Pichincha, and Los Ríos provinces in north-central Ecuador south through Peru into Chile as far as the Antofagasta Region. It also is found in several semiarid valleys within the western Andes. In Ecuador it usually occurs from sea level to 1,200 m (3,900 ft) of elevation but is locally found as high as 2,400 m (7,900 ft). In Peru it occurs up to 3,300 m (10,800 ft) and in Chile up to 3,500 m (11,500 ft). The species inhabits a variety of moist to arid landscapes including deciduous and riparian forest, arid lowland and montane scrublands, agricultural areas with large trees, and gardens in built-up areas.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: stable.
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
White-browed Brushfinch
Arremon torquatus
Handsome brushfinch found in humid forest along the east slope of the Andes in Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, and far southeastern Peru. It has an olive back, black mask, striped head, and white throat. In the northern part of its range it also has a black breast-band. Similar to Gray-browed Brushfinch, but has white (not gray) eyebrow; also note range. Inhabits thickets in forest understory. Typical song is a seesawing series of three to four high-pitched whistles.
Tamaulipas Crow
Corvus imparatus
Small glossy crow, common in northeast Mexico. Occurs in towns, villages, rubbish dumps, farmland, and semiopen areas with hedges and taller trees. Social and usually in flocks, at times of hundreds. Most likely to be confused with male Great-tailed Grackle, which has pale eyes and longer and keel-shaped tail (shed in late-summer molt). Chihuahuan Raven much larger, with much heavier bill and different voice. Calls of Tamaulipas Crow are low, froglike croaks.
African Snipe
Gallinago nigripennis
Chunky, cryptic, short-legged, long-billed shorebird. In flight, shows much white on the outer tail and underwing. Found in thickly vegetated wetlands. Restricted to middle and high elevations across the majority of its range. Most often seen when it flushes explosively, often giving a rough “shrik” call. Display vocalization is a long accelerating series of “kik” notes, followed by a hollow booming made by the outer tail in flight display. Similar to Common Snipe, but darker and with much white in the outer tail. Also easily confused with the uncommon Great Snipe, but African is paler, lacks strong bars on the wing, and has a white rather than dark underwing.
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