Coiba Spinetail
Cranioleuca dissita
Lives only on Coiba Island off the Pacific coast of Panama, where identification should not be an issue. Look for rusty upperparts and tail, buffy underparts, and pale buffy eyebrow. Occurs in wooded areas with dense vine tangles and thickets, often in pairs. Listen for excited sputtering chatters.
识别特征
The Coiba spinetail is 15 to 16 cm (5.9 to 6.3 in) long. Its upperparts including the tail are russet brown, though the rump is somewhat paler. Most of the face is a dull creamy buff with a bit of gray and a pinkish buff supercilium. Its throat is white, the breast and belly white with a buff wash, and the flanks tawny.
分类信息
The Coiba spinetail was originally described as a subspecies of the rusty-backed spinetail (C. vulpina), though the author noted that it almost warranted species status. Ridgely and Gwynne were apparently the first to treat it as a species. In 2015 the North American Classification Committee (NACC) of the American Ornithologists' Union (now the American Ornithological Society) recognized the species as separate based on morphological, auditory, behavioral, and genetic differences. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), Clements taxonomy, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World followed suit. The Coiba spinetail is monotypic.
- 学名
- Cranioleuca dissita
- 命名信息
- Wetmore, 1957
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Cranioleuca
分布与栖息地
The Coiba spinetail is found only on Coiba Island and the much smaller and adjacent Ranchería Island off the Pacific coast of western Panama. It inhabits the interior and roadside edges of tropical forest, but shuns shrubby areas, scrublands, and areas around houses. In elevation it ranges from sea level to near the summit of Coiba's highest peak, Cerro Torre (416 m (1,400 ft)).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Coiba spinetail is an acrobatic forager: It climbs the trunks of trees, hops among vines and small branches, hangs upside down from branches, and makes short flights between substrates. It mostly pecks at the substrates, such as the bark of trunks and limbs, moss, vines, and clusters of leaves, but also probes and gleans from them. Most foraging was observed between 7 and 10 m (23 and 33 ft) above the ground but it also occurred nearer the ground and as high as 25 m (82 ft) above it. Its diet has not been described in detail but is assumed to be arthropods like that of other spinetails.<p>The Coiba spinetail's breeding season spans at least from December to July, based on the dates on which nest-building was observed. Both members of a pair build the nest, a globe-shaped structure made mostly of bark and palm fibers and lined with seed down and other soft materials. It is attached to a thin vertical branch or trunk or a cluster of vines and has an entrance hole low on the side. The clutch size is not known.<p>The Coiba spinetail's song is "2-4 short introductory notes, followed by 4-6 longer notes given rapidly at the same pitch followed by about 7 even longer notes that slow down and fall in pitch." Both sexes sing, but it appears that one sex's song is stronger and clearer than the other's. Two calls are known, a "chidididit" and a "deet-deet-dee-dididit". The first appears to be a contact call, often given during foraging or when collecting nest material.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- rising
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Brown Honeyeater
Lichmera indistincta
Smallish honeyeater with a curved black bill. Grayish overall, with yellowish panels in the wings and tail, and a dark smudge around the eye. Also note bright yellow speckle behind the eye if seen well. In areas of overlap, juvenile Brown Honeyeaters are regularly confused with Dusky Honeyeaters (which are a darker sooty-brown and lack the yellow wing panel). Social and noisy, moving in active flocks. Found in a wide variety of habitats, including mangroves, forests, parks/gardens, and arid inland areas. Very vocal with a wide variety of chattering calls.
Pine Siskin
Spinus pinus
Small, brown, streaked finch. Some show yellow in the wing and tail. Sharply pointed bill. Short, notched tail and long wings. Often visits feeders in areas with conifers. Irruptive in many areas; can move south in only small numbers some years, large numbers in other years. Often joins flocks of goldfinches. Can be quite vocal; listen for distinctive rising buzz like a zipper being zipped.
Scaly-crowned Babbler
Malacopteron cinereum
Small, dull, brownish babbler. Pale underparts. Faintly scaled crown is orangish and sets it apart from the dark-crowned but otherwise fairly similar Sooty-capped Babbler. Birds north of the Malay Peninsula and southern Thailand have a bicolored crown, with chestnut on the front half and dark on the back. Inhabits lowland and foothill forests, often in wet areas. Forages in noisy flocks, giving rapid-fire series of ticking notes.
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