Fujian Niltava

Fairly large falcon; rare and local around clearings within large tracts of mature forest from southern Mexico to extreme northern Argentina. Very similar to much more common Bat Falcon. Small male Orange-breasted and large female Bat are especially confusing. Orange-breasted usually looks bulkier with proportionally larger head and feet. Look for coarser barring on underparts with broader white tips and bars on each feather, and more contrast between white throat and orange upper breast and neck sides. Beware some Bat Falcons have extensive orange wash on neck. Occurs singly or in pairs, often perched conspicuously in the canopy or on an exposed snag.

A large rail of forest floor on Calayan Island. Overall slaty-gray in color, slightly browner on the back, with a blackish face, long orange-red legs, and a fairly long, stout orange-red bill. Forages on the forest floor for snails, beetles, and millipedes. Similarly sized birds on Calayan include Barred Rail and Plain Bush-hen, but both avoid forest interior. Tabon Scrubfowl is found in forest, but lacks the orange bill and legs. Voice is a nasal squawk.

Seldom-seen pale gray falcon of inland Australia found in arid grassland and woodland habitats, where it sometimes perches high on communication towers. Pale gray upperparts and white underparts, with faint dark streaks below. Legs fully feathered (unlike the long, bare legs of Brown Falcon). In flight, outer upperwing (“hand”) is noticeably darker than the inner wing and back. Wings not as pointed as hobby or Peregrine Falcon. Pale inland Brown Falcons are often misidentified as this species: note that Gray Falcon is unlikely to be seen perched in low bushes or feeding from the ground.