Black-billed Mountain-Toucan
Andigena nigrirostris
Distinctive toucan of montane forests in the Andes from Venezuela to extreme northwest Peru. Easy to identify with black cap, dark bill, white throat, powder blue belly, and mostly brownish upperparts. Occurs from 1,500-2,500m, typically below the elevational range of Gray-breasted Mountain-Toucan but occasionally some overlap. Uncommon; usually found singly or in pairs in the forest canopy, often around fruiting trees.
识别特征
The three subspecies of black-billed mountain toucan have almost the same plumage. They have a black cap and nape and bronzy upperparts with a pale yellow rump. Their tail is dark slate with chestnut tips on the central two or three pairs of feathers. Their face and throat are white becoming pale blue on the breast; their thighs are chestnut and their undertail coverts are red. Bare skin surrounds their eye; it is pale blue before it and yellow or orange behind. Subspecies A. n. occidentalis' plumage differs from that of the other two only by having darker chestnut thighs.<p>Within each subspecies both sexes have the same bill pattern but the female's bill is shorter. The nominate subspecies has an entirely black bill. A. n. spilorhynchus has a mostly black bill with some dark red at the base and on the upper part of the maxilla. A. n. occidentalis has a bill like that of spilorhynchus but the red of the maxilla extends more than half way along the culmen.
分类信息
The black-billed mountain toucan was originally described in genus Pteroglossus. Three subspecies are recognized, the nominate A. n. nigrirostris (Waterhouse, 1839), A. n. occidentalis (Chapman, 1915), and A. n. spilorhynchus (Gould, 1858).<p>A. n. spilorhynchus was originally described as the species Andigena spilorhynchus.
- 学名
- Andigena nigrirostris
- 命名信息
- (Waterhouse, 1839)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Ramphastidae
- 属
- Andigena
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of black-billed mountain toucan are found thus:<p>The black-billed mountain toucan inhabits a variety of landscapes including cloudforest, subtropical to temperate montane forest, and more open areas such as croplands near forest and open sites with scattered trees. In elevation it mostly ranges between 1,700 and 2,700 m (5,600 and 8,900 ft) but occurs rarely down to 1,200 m (3,900 ft) and has been found as high as 3,245 m (10,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
As far as is known, the black-billed mountain toucan is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The black-billed mountain toucan mostly forages in the forest's canopy, in pairs or in small family groups. Its diet is known to include several kinds of fruit and some insects, but details are lacking.<p>The black-billed mountain toucan's breeding season is from August to November in Venezuela. It is from March to August in Colombia, and in Ecuador is thought to be the same or earlier. Essentially nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The black-billed mountain toucan makes "nasal 'gwaaak' notes...variable, notes can be drawn out, or yelp-like". It also makes bill-rattling or clacking that may be combined with the vocalization.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Elgon Francolin
Scleroptila elgonensis
A pretty, intricately marked medium-sized francolin with a brown back, rufous underparts, and a white throat bordered with black spots. The wings show large rufous patches in flight. Found at high elevations in alpine grassland and heath, often in small groups. Similar to Shelley’s Francolin, but found in different habitat at higher elevations, and separated by many details, including the more solidly rufous underparts without heavy black barring on the belly. The vocalizations include a series of “squee-chee” notes, and a squealing call often given in flight.
Raso Skylark
Alauda razae
Found only on Raso Island of the Cape Verdes. Overall grayish-brown and moderately streaked including the breast. Note the large and heavy bill. Sometimes erects small crest. Belongs to the same genus as Eurasian Skylark, but is smaller with shorter wings and tail than Eurasian Skylark. Found along dry riverbeds on flat plains. Song is similar to that of Crested Lark. Call a short rattle, "Chureep."
Red-headed Flameback
Chrysocolaptes erythrocephalus
A rare large woodpecker of forest and edge, where at least some large trees remain, on Palawan and neighboring islands. Green on the back and wings, with dark underparts and neck heavily marked with a cream color. Crown slopes to an angular crest above a large black ear spot. Head is bright red in males and red with orange spots on the crown in females. Similar to Spot-throated Flameback, but Red-headed has a pale yellow bill and lacks the black-and-white stripes on the head. Voice includes a loud, metallic, stuttering staccato trill and loud nasal squeaking.
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