Hoffmann's Woodpecker
Melanerpes hoffmannii
Medium-sized woodpecker with bold black-and-white barring on back and a cream-colored belly. A patch of yellow on the lower belly can be difficult to see. Male has red crown and yellow nape. Female lacks red crown. Distinctive in range, but hybridizes with Red-crowned Woodpecker; hybrids best left unidentified. Found in open woodland, edges, and gardens.
识别特征
Hoffmann's woodpecker is 18 to 21 cm (7.1 to 8.3 in) long and weighs 62 to 84 g (2.2 to 3.0 oz). The sexes' plumage is alike except for their head pattern. Adult males have a dull white forecrown and supercilium, a bright red crown, and a bright yellow or orange nape. Adult females have a dull white crown and a pale yellow nape. Both sexes' faces and the sides of their throat are drab yellowish gray. Their back and upper rump are barred black and white and the lower rump and uppertail coverts are unbarred white. Their flight feathers are black with white bars throughout and some white spots. Their tail is black with some white on most of the feathers. The sides of their throat and breast are drab yellowish gray, their chin, throat, and breast are dull grayish to yellowish white, and their central belly is bright yellow. Their flanks and undertail coverts are dull yellowish white with black bars. Their bill is black, their iris hazel, and their legs bluish gray to gray.
分类信息
Hoffmann's woodpecker was originally described in genus Centurus. Some authors have treated it as a subspecies of the golden-fronted woodpecker (M. aurifrons), and the two hybridize in the north of Hoffmann's range. Hoffmann's also hybridizes with the red-crowned woodpecker (M. rubricapilus) in the south.<p>Hoffmann's woodpecker is monotypic.<p>The species is named for the German naturalist Karl Hoffmann.[citation needed]
- 学名
- Melanerpes hoffmannii
- 命名信息
- (Cabanis, 1862)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Picidae
- 属
- Melanerpes
分布与栖息地
Hoffmann's woodpecker is found from southwestern Honduras' Choluteca Department through Nicaragua on the Pacific slope to central Costa Rica. There is also one record from El Salvador. The species inhabits dry and deciduous forests and more open areas such as shade coffee plantations, urban parks, and house gardens. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 400 m (1,300 ft) in Honduras, to 800 m (2,600 ft) in Nicaragua, and to more than 2,100 m (6,900 ft) in Costa Rica.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Hoffmann's woodpecker is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>Hoffmann's woodpecker typically forages from the forest understory to its canopy, though it has been observed feeding on the ground. Its diet is mostly arthropods that it extracts from decaying trunks and branches. It also feeds on a variety of fruits and takes nectar from large flowers. It occasionally eats the eggs of other birds. <p>The breeding season of Hoffmann's woodpecker spans at least from January to July and typically two broods are raised. Both sexes excavate the nest cavity in soft dead wood, living palms, or fence posts. The cavity is typically between 1 and 6 m (3 and 20 ft) above the ground, and both sexes aggressively defend it from other Hoffmann's woodpeckers and tityras. The clutch size is two or three eggs. Both parents incubate the clutch and provision nestlings. The incubation period and time to fledging are not known.<p>The most common Hoffmann's woodpecker call is "churrr", made by both sexes. They also make "a querulous, grating, woick-a woick-a woick-a... or wicka wicka wicka." The species usually drums on dead wood but has been observed drumming on metal structures.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- rising
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Rufous-lored Tyrannulet
Phylloscartes flaviventris
Distinctive small tyrannulet with rufous brow, black mask, olive back, and yellow underparts. Looks like a more colorful version of Rufous-browed Tyrannulet. Sexes similar. Found alone or in pairs, often in mixed-species flocks, in the canopy of forest. Occurs in humid forest and forest edges of montane regions. The typical voice has four high notes “teeup teeup teeup teeup.” No similar species in range. Endemic to the Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela.
Pale-billed Scrubwren
Aethomyias spilodera
A small bird of foothill forest understory and midstory. Dark brown upperparts, paler underparts and characteristic pale bill. Races differ. Some with spotted throat and whitish or buffy underparts. Searches actively for insects in small groups or mixed flocks, often flicking its tail. Co-occurs at elevations with other scrubwrens, including Gray-green and Perplexing, but Pale-billed has an obvious pale bill. Song, an up-and-down “see-saw” repeated. Call, a scratchy chattering.
Silvered Antbird
Sclateria naevia
Unique-looking antbird with a strong affinity for water. Medium-sized and chunky with a rather long bill. Male is medium-gray with a white throat and white spotting on the wings. Note the messy scaly appearance on the breast. Female is similar in pattern but is brownish overall, not gray. Note pale pink legs on both sexes. Widespread and reasonably common throughout much of lowland northern South America, east of the Andes. Almost always found in pairs near the edge of rivers or lakes in lowland forest.
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