Leaden Flycatcher
Myiagra rubecula
A long-tailed, slender songbird with fine bill. Males rich blue-gray above, white below, with a blue-gray bib with convex lower edge (curves upward at the edges). Crown paler than throat, lending male a bearded appearance in optimal light. Male Satin Flycatcher has uniformly dark head, blackish (not grayish) tail feathers, and concave bib edge. Female paler blue-gray above, with pale orange throat and breast. Inhabits varied woodlands, perches high in the canopy, often shakes the tail rapidly. Song a repeated two-note whistle; call a loud buzzing “zerp.”
识别特征
The leaden flycatcher is 14.5–16 cm (6-6½ in) long and weighs around 10–15 g. It is a shiny lead-grey in colour with a brownish tinge to the wings, a bluish black bill, black legs and dark brown iris. The male has darker grey lores, and a white breast and belly, while the female has an orange-tan throat and breast with a white belly. The juvenile resembles the adult female, but with paler wing-edges.
分类信息
The leaden flycatcher was first described by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801, from an illustration of a female bird in the Watling drawings. He coined the English name "red-breasted tody" and classified it in the genus Todus. Its specific name, rubecula, comes from the Latin for robin. A local name around Sydney is frogbird, derived from its guttural call. Other variants of its common name include blue- or leaden-coloured flycatcher, leaden Myiagra and leaden Myiagra flycatcher.<p>The leaden flycatcher is a member of a group of birds termed monarch flycatchers. This group is considered either as a subfamily Monarchinae, together with the fantails as part of the drongo family Dicruridae, or as a family Monarchidae in its own right. They are not closely related to either their namesakes, the Old World flycatchers of the family Muscicapidae; early molecular research in the late 1980s and early 1990s revealed the monarchs belong to a large group of mainly Australasian birds known as the Corvida parvorder comprising many tropical and Australian passerines. More recently, the grouping has been refined somewhat as the monarchs have been classified in a 'Core corvine' group with the crows and ravens, shrikes, birds of paradise, fantails, drongos and mudnest builders.<p>There are six subspecies recognized:
- 学名
- Myiagra rubecula
- 命名信息
- (Latham, 1801)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Monarchidae
- 属
- Myiagra
分布与栖息地
The leaden flycatcher is found from King Sound in northwestern Australia, across the Top End to Cape York, and then down the east coast to central-southern Victoria. It is rare in Tasmania. It is highly migratory within this range. Sclerophyll forest, rainforest margins, mangroves and coastal scrub are the preferred habitats.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
As its name suggests, the leaden flycatcher is insectivorous. A very active and agile bird, it hops between branches and catches insects in flight.<p>Breeding season is September to February with one brood raised. The nest is a deep cup made of strips of bark and dry grass, woven together with spider webs and decorated with lichen, generally sited on a small branch well away from the trunk of a sizeable tree some 5–10 m above the ground. Two or three white eggs tinted bluish, greyish or lavender and splotched with dark grey-brown are laid measuring 17 mm x 14 mm. They have an unusual swollen oval shape. The species is parasitised by the brush cuckoo (Cacomantis variolosus). Both sexes incubate the eggs and brood the chicks, although the female undertakes slightly more of the duties and also incubates at night. Nesting success is low, with only 23% of nests successfully fledging a chick.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker
Yungipicus temminckii
A small brown-and-white woodpecker with scattered pale bars and spots on the upperparts and dark-streaked white underparts. Male possess a red nape patch that is absent in females. Juvenile is drabber, with weaker barring and streaking. Singles or pairs can be found in any areas with trees, frequenting canopy and subcanopy in lowlands and mountains. Often accompanies mixed flocks. The only small woodpecker within its limited range. Barred upperparts also distinctive. Calls include a descending, metallic trill and soft, well-spaced “kip” notes. Also drums.
Ecuadorian Trogon
Trogon mesurus
Large, red-bellied trogon found only in western Ecuador and northwestern Peru. Both sexes have white eyes, plain black tail, mostly yellow bill, and a variable amount of white on breast. Male is mostly green with a black face. Female is mostly gray with a dark top to her yellow bill. Very similar to Blue-tailed Trogon, but usually shows a white spot or stripe on breast, and prefers dry and semi-humid forest. No overlap with Black-tailed Trogon. Perches on tree branches for long periods, occasionally sallying out to take fruits or insects. Song is a leisurely series of whistles or hoots.
Yellow-mantled Widowbird
Euplectes macroura
The long-tailed breeding male is a spectacular and unmistakable black-and-yellow bird. Varies geographically, with some birds showing a completely yellow back, and others only a yellow shoulder. Females and non-breeding males are streaky and brown, though males retain their yellow shoulder. Found in many open habitats, including cultivation, moist grassland, marshes, and forest clearings. The song is a series of harsh “zhet” notes, which the male often gives in a display flight. Female can be confused with several other species, but is usually identified by association with yellow-shouldered males.
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