Croaking Cisticola

Adults are large and quite uniform dark brown eagles with very broad wings and short tails. Single white "comma" mark at the wrist of the underwing. Similar to the Lesser Spotted Eagle, which is smaller, paler, and more contrasting. Juveniles are more boldly patterned with numerous prominent dirty white spots on the back and upper wings. More tied to forests than Lesser Spotted Eagle, but still near rivers and bogs. Frequents humanmade habitats more often in winter, such as lakes, rubbish dumps, and reservoirs.

Attractive warbler of cloud forest and stunted treeline forest in the Andes. Common member of mixed-species flocks. Ranges from far southern Colombia south to Bolivia. Has slaty-gray upperparts, yellow underparts, and bold yellow spectacles. Crown is rufous in the northern half of its range, but solid black in the southern half. Some birds in northern Ecuador and southern Colombia have a yellow forehead. Actively forages along branches, often spreading its tail exposing white outer tail feathers.

A dark, medium-sized songbird with a long orange-sided tail, totally unlike any other redstart. Breeds in shrubby montane areas, particularly in the transition zone between forest and more open habitats; winters in similarly dense habitat at lower elevations. Male is predominantly grayish blue, with orange tail edges and a white belly. Female lacks the namesake white underparts and is instead brown overall with darker upperparts. Immature males have a blue head and chest, but are otherwise brown overall. Other redstarts in its range have a noticeably shorter-tailed profile. Song is an alternating series of clear, bell-like whistles and slurred whistles; most common call is a hard “tuktuk,” like stones knocking together.