Cozumel Emerald
Cynanthus forficatus
Only on Cozumel Island, Mexico, where it is usually the most frequently encountered hummingbird. Feeds low to high on a variety of flowers, preferring forest edge, gardens, and other semi-open habitats. Male is stunning, emerald-green with a long, deeply forked tail. Female has distinctive broad dark facemask, rather long forked tail. No similar species on the island (Canivet’s Emerald occurs on the Yucatan mainland).
识别特征
Male Cozumel emeralds are 9 to 10.5 cm (3.5 to 4.1 in) long and females 8 to 9.1 cm (3.1 to 3.6 in). Males and females both weigh about 2.5 g (0.088 oz). Males have a black bill with a red tip. Its crown is bright golden to golden green and the rest of the upperparts a slightly duller golden green. Its underparts are brilliant metallic golden green with white tibial tufts. The tail is long and deeply forked, blue-black or black with a blue gloss, and the central two or three pairs of feathers have dark brownish gray tips. The female's maxilla is black and the mandible red with a black tip. Its upperparts are bright metallic green to bronze green. It has a white stripe behind the eye and blackish cheeks. Its underparts are light gray. Its tail is not as long or deeply forked as the male's. The central pair of feathers are metallic green to blue green and the next two pairs are the same color with a blue-black or black band near the end and white tips. The outermost two pairs have white outer webs at their base, a wide black band near the end, and white tips.
分类信息
The Cozumel emerald's taxonomic history is complicated. It was originally described as Chlorostilbon forficatus, then as a subspecies of golden-crowned emerald (now Cynanthus auriceps) which itself has been treated as a subspecies of Canivet's emerald (now Cynanthus canivetii). Other more recent authors include it and many other taxa as subspecies of the blue-tailed emerald (Chlorostilbon mellisugus).<p>The North American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society, the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), and the Clements taxonomy assign it the binomial Cynanthus forficatus. However, as of 2020 BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) retains it in genus Chlorostilbon.
- 学名
- Cynanthus forficatus
- 命名信息
- (Ridgway, 1885)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Cynanthus
分布与栖息地
The Cozumel emerald is found essentially only on Cozumel Island of the coast of Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula. There is a single specimen from Isla Mujeres about 90 km (56 mi) north of Cozumel, and the species is thought to occasionally visit there. Authors have described its habitat as "scrub and low deciduous insular forest" and "brushy woodland and scrub, second growth".
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Cozumel emerald is a year-round resident of the island.<p>The Cozumel emerald's feeding strategy and diet have not been detailed. They are assumed to be similar to those of Canivet's emerald, which forages by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of a variety of flowering plants, and also feeds on small arthropods.<p>The Cozumel emerald's breeding season, nest, and other details of its breeding phenology have not been described.<p>The Cozumel emerald's vocalizations are described as similar to those of it close relatives, "dry, rattling and chattering calls".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Jackson's Hornbill
Tockus jacksoni
A medium-sized black-and-white hornbill. Males have a mostly red bill with a small yellow or white tip; females have an all-black bill. Both sexes show white spotting across the wing. Found locally in dry savanna, usually in pairs or small groups. Similar to Von der Decken’s and Northern Red-billed Hornbills, but separated from the former by the white-spotted wing and from the latter by the yellow-tipped (male) or all-black (female) bill. The call is a series of low clucks.
Mindanao Bleeding-heart
Gallicolumba crinigera
A medium-sized ground dove of lowland forest floor. Bluish-gray on the head, back, and sides to the chest, with blackish wings, a pale gray shoulder and wingbars, a white throat and sides to the chest, a dingy pinkish belly, and an obvious dark red “bleeding heart” in the center of the chest. Note the scaling on the back. The central eastern race has more gray on the chest. Unlikely to be mistaken if seen well. The only other dove likely to flush from the ground would be Asian Emerald Dove. Voice is a low, upslurred hooting note.
Horsfield's Babbler
Malacocincla sepiaria
A small, dull babbler with a short tail. Brown with a gray head and pale underparts. Dark gray crown, faintly streaked breast, and brighter buffy wash on the flanks eliminate similar-looking Abbott’s Babbler. Similarly drab White-chested and Sooty-capped babblers have longer tails and bills. Found in lowland and foothill forests. Typical song is a sharp chip followed by a whistled note or two: “chi puh-weee!”; Javan birds add a longer, ascending whistle to the end.
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