Evening Grosbeak
Coccothraustes vespertinus
Large finch, nearly twice the size of a goldfinch. Stocky with strong, thick, pale bill and short, notched tail. Males are stunning with dark head fading to bright yellow underparts, and mostly black wings with bright white secondaries. Females are overall gray with some white on the wing. Flocks often come to feeders for sunflower seeds. Found in forested regions especially at higher elevations. Populations declining dramatically.
识别特征
The evening grosbeak is similar in appearance to the Eurasian hawfinch, both being bulky, heavily built finches with large bills and short tails. The evening grosbeak ranges in length from 16 to 22 cm (6.3 to 8.7 in) and spans 30 to 36 cm (12 to 14 in) across the wings. In a large sampling of grosbeaks in Pennsylvania during winter, males weighed from 38.7 to 86.1 g (1.37 to 3.04 oz), with an average of 60 g (2.1 oz), while females weighed from 43.2 to 73.5 g (1.52 to 2.59 oz), with an average of 58.7 g (2.07 oz). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 10.45 to 11.6 cm (4.11 to 4.57 in), the tail is 6 to 6.95 cm (2.36 to 2.74 in), the bill is 1.6 to 2 cm (0.63 to 0.79 in) and the tarsus is 1.95 to 2.2 cm (0.77 to 0.87 in). The adult has a short black tail, black wings and a large pale bill. The adult male has a bright yellow forehead and body; its head is brown and there is a large white patch in the wing. The adult female is mainly olive-brown, greyer on the underparts and with white patches in the wings. They also have a loud distinctive 'chew' call, similar to a glorified house sparrow.
分类信息
The evening grosbeak was formally described in 1825 by the American naturalist William Cooper and given the binomial name Fringilla vespertina. Cooper had been sent a specimen by the ethnologist Henry Schoolcraft that had been collected in the evening near Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Cooper recorded the name of the bird in the Ojibwe language as "Paushkundamo".<p>The IOC checklist and the Handbook of the Birds of the World place the evening grosbeak and the closely related hooded grosbeak in the genus Hesperiphona. However, the Clements Checklist and the AOS checklist place the evening and hooded grosbeaks in the genus Coccothraustes with the hawfinch.<p>The genus Hesperiphona was introduced by Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1850. The name is from Ancient Greek hesperos meaning "evening" and phōnē meaning "sound" or "cry". The specific epithet is from Latin vespertinus meaning "of evening", "of twilight" or "crepuscular".<p>Three subspecies are recognised:
- 学名
- Coccothraustes vespertinus
- 命名信息
- (Cooper, W, 1825)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Fringillidae
- 属
- Coccothraustes
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Black-and-white Seedeater
Sporophila luctuosa
Well-named seedeater found from Venezuela to Bolivia. Male is distinctive: all black above with a white patch at the base of the primaries and a white belly. Could be confused with Yellow-bellied Seedeater, but that species lacks the wing patch and the belly is pale yellow. Females are plain brown and extremely similar to other seedeaters; look for accompanying males to help identify! Generally an Andean species, found up to around 2,500m, but sometimes wanders into adjacent lowlands. Uncommon in grassy areas or scrubby edge, often in flocks with other seedeaters.
Blue-tufted Starthroat
Heliomaster furcifer
A medium-sized hummingbird with a long and slightly curved bill. Males have a green back with violet-blue underparts and a forked tail. Note the dazzling metallic-pink and violet gorget on males. Females have a coppery nape, a grayish throat, and white underparts. Note the female’s slightly forked and white-tipped tail. An austral migrant, it is mostly found at forest borders, in savanna, and in lowland grasslands.
Greater Yellow-Finch
Sicalis auriventris
Fairly common in the Andes of central Chile and adjacent Argentina; seen readily at ski resorts, around villages, on bogs, and on stony and grassy slopes. Often in flocks, associates readily with other seed-eating birds. Feeds mainly on the ground, but sings from prominent perches such as a rock or building. Not appreciably larger than other yellow-finches, but no similar species in most of range. May overlap in winter locally with Greenish Yellow-Finch, which has shorter wings and a shorter bill, and male never is as bright golden as the Greater Yellow-Finch.
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