Black-hooded Antshrike
Thamnophilus bridgesi
Antshrikes have large, flat heads and large, hooked bills; they often angle their tails downward, below the line of the body. Male Black-hooded is mostly black with a slightly paler belly; note small white spots on the shoulder. The female is paler gray overall with whitish streaking on the head and breast. Most often seen in pairs in the understory of forest and edges. Follows mixed flocks. Listen for accelerating chuckle with a longer raspy note at the end.
识别特征
The black-hooded antshrike is 15 to 17 cm (5.9 to 6.7 in) long and weighs 26 to 27 g (0.92 to 0.95 oz). Members of genus Thamnophilus are largish members of the antbird family; all have stout bills with a hook like those of true shrikes. This species exhibits some sexual dimorphism. Adult males are mostly black. They have a white patch between their scapulars, small white dots on their wing coverts, and dark gray belly and undertail coverts. Adult females have blackish gray forehead, crown, and face with narrow white streaks. Their upperparts and wings are very dark grayish brown with white-edged scapulars and white-spotted wing coverts. Their tail is blackish brown with white spots on the outer feathers. Their underparts are olive that is darker at the upper end, and with white streaks on the throat, breast, and belly. Juveniles are similar to adult but browner with larger white spots on the wing coverts. Subadult males resemble adults but are more brownish and with white streaks on their breast.
分类信息
The black-hooded antshrike was described by the English zoologist Philip Sclater in 1856 and given its current binomial name Thamnophilus bridgesi. The specific epithet honors a Mr. Bridges who collected the holotype. (Sclater did not publish Bridges' given name.)<p>The black-hooded antshrike is monotypic.
- 学名
- Thamnophilus bridgesi
- 命名信息
- Sclater, PL, 1856
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Thamnophilus
分布与栖息地
The black-hooded antshrike is found from southern Guanacaste Province in Costa Rica south on the Pacific slope through western Panama as far as Los Santos Province. It inhabits the edges of lowland evergreen forest, semi-deciduous forest, gallery forest, taller secondary woodland, and mangroves. It generally stays from the understorey to the mid-storey, favoring shrubby areas and vine tangles. It does occur in the interior of gallery forest. In elevation it mostly occurs below 1,000 m (3,300 ft) but ranges as high as 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in Costa Rica.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The black-hooded antshrike is presumed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The black-hooded antshrike's diet is not known in detail but includes a variety insects and also other arthropods like spiders. It usually forages singly or in pairs and often joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It forages sluggishly in dense vegetation from near the ground to about 15 m (50 ft) above it. It hops between branches to glean prey with quick stabs and lunges from leaves, stems, branches, and trunks. In drier areas it commonly forages on the ground, probing and flipping leaf litter. It occasionally follows army ant swarms to capture prey fleeing the ants.<p>The black-hooded antshrike breeds between February and September in Costa Rica; its season in Panama has not been defined. Its nest is a fairly large cup constructed of fine rootlets and other fibers and often with green moss on the outside. It is typically attached with cobwebs by its rim in a branch fork between about 0.6 and 3.6 m (2 and 12 ft) above the ground amid foliage. The clutch size is two eggs. The incubation period is 14 to 15 days; the time to fledging is not known. Both parents incubate during the day and the female alone at night, and both parents provision nestlings.<p>Garrigues and Dean describe the black-hooded antshrike's song as "an accelerating series of staccato notes that end in a longer, lower note". VanPerlo describes it as a "high wooden wekwekwekkerwikkerwek, varied in speed and length". Its call is "an extended, complaining note, usually repeated 2–3 times".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Red-backed Mousebird
Colius castanotus
A brownish-gray dumpy-bodied bird with a long scruffy tail, a reddish back, brown ears, a brown crest, and pale eyes. Occurs in small sociable groups in forest edge, woodland, thorn scrub, and cultivated areas along the Angolan escarpment, where it is endemic. One of the most familiar and beloved birds of Angola, where it is known as the “Rabo-de-junco”. Scrambles through bushes and tangles, creeping on short legs. In flight, it appears heavy, fluttering rapidly. Calls include a harsh “chee” and twittering notes like those of Speckled Mousebird, which differs from Red-backed by being lightly barred on the breast and mantle, having a brown back, and in the area of overlap in northern Angola, having dark eyes.
Dark-throated Seedeater
Sporophila ruficollis
A small finchlike bird with a short and stubby bill. Males are a striking combination of gray, black and a rich cinnamon color. Males have a black breast and cheeks, a cinnamon belly, and a gray helmet that becomes brownish towards the back. Male “melanops” morphs have a black hood and are olive-brown above and pale below. Females are olive-brown above and buff below. Both sexes have a white wing spot that is not found in the “melanops” morph. Inhabits mature grasslands, usually near water, where it is often seen in flocks with others seedeaters during migration.
Marico Sunbird
Cinnyris mariquensis
Male is iridescent green above with a dark belly and maroon and bluish bands across the breast. Female is nondescript, with blurry streaks across the pale yellow underparts. Found in woodland, scrub, and savanna, including semi-desert thornscrub. Most distinctive vocalization is an energetic series of “tyip” notes. Also gives a high-pitched, jumbled song. Very similar to several other sunbird species but distinguished by slightly larger size and longer bill with a thicker base.
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