Blond-crested Woodpecker
Celeus flavescens
Fairly large and strikingly-plumaged woodpecker with a yellow-crested head contrasting with a largely black body which is variably scaled with yellow spots depending on the subspecies, and a yellow rump. Males have a red moustache. Found in both wet and dry forests, usually avoiding the interior, and in wooded savannas.
识别特征
The blond-crested woodpecker is about 27 to 30 cm (11 to 12 in) long. The nominate subspecies weighs 110 to 165 g (3.9 to 5.8 oz). Males of both subspecies have a wide bright red malar area and cheek; sometimes it extends around the eye and occasionally includes the lower forehead; females have black streaks instead of red on the malar and cheek and no red elsewhere. In the nominate subspecies, adults of both sexes have a pale creamy buff to yellowish white head including the long, pointed crest, chin, and throat. Often the side of the neck has black streaks. The adults have a black mantle and upper back with a buffish white to pale yellow lower back, rump, and uppertail coverts; the coverts sometimes have black bars. Their flight feathers are black with narrow white bars and some have white tips. Their wing coverts are barred black and white. Their tail feathers are black with whitish edges or bars on the outermost pair. Their lower neck and underparts are black with a hint of pale barring on the flanks and undertail coverts. Their thighs are pale yellow to buffish with black spots or streaks. The adult's bill is horn-colored or sometimes blue-gray to black with a paler mandible, their iris red or red-brown, and their legs blue-gray. Juveniles are similar to adults but are duller and have more black on their face. Subspecies C. f. intercedens is whitish to buff-white on the head and lower back, and sometimes has some rufous in the flight feathers.<p>The main call is a "[r]esonant loud 'tsew' or 'wee' repeated up to seven times". It also makes a "well-spaced series of 'wheep' notes", an "aggressive 'tttrrr'", and a "raucous 'wícket wícket'." Its drum is weak "evenly pitched short rolls".
分类信息
The blond-crested woodpecker was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the other woodpeckers in the genus Picus and coined the binomial name Picus flavescens. The specific epithet flavescens is Latin meaning "golden-yellowish". Gmelin based his description on the "yellow-crested woodpecker" from Brazil that had been described and illustrated in 1776 by the English naturalist Peter Brown. Thomas Pennant had provided Brown with a drawing of the bird. The blond-crested woodpecker is now one of 13 species placed in the genus Celeus that was introduced in 1831 by Friedrich Boie.<p>The blond-crested woodpecker has two subspecies, the nominate C. f. flavescens (Gmelin, JF, 1788) and C. f. intercedens (Hellmayr 1908). What is now the ochre-backed woodpecker (C. ochraceus) was previously included as a third subspecies.
- 学名
- Celeus flavescens
- 命名信息
- (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Picidae
- 属
- Celeus
分布与栖息地
The blond-crested woodpecker's subspecies C. f. intercedens is the more northerly of the two. It is found in western Bahia, Goiás, and Minas Gerais in east-central Brazil. The nominate subspecies is found southeast of it, from southern Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul and into eastern Paraguay and Argentina's Misiones Province. The species inhabits the interior and edges of humid forest and also gallery forest, savanna, caatinga, and orchards.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The blond-crested woodpecker is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The blond-crested woodpecker's diet is arboreal ants, carpenter ants, termites, and lesser but still significant amounts of fruits and berries. It generally forages at the forest's middle level to its canopy but also on the ground, capturing insects by gleaning, probing, pecking, and hammering. It usually feeds in pairs or small groups. It is an important pollinator and disperser of seeds.<p>The blond-crested woodpecker breeds between April and June in eastern Brazil and between October and November in Argentina. It excavates a nest cavity in a tree or an arboreal ant nest. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
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分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Anchieta's Barbet
Stactolaema anchietae
A mid-sized brown barbet with pale yellow covering the head and chin. Immature is duller than the adult, with some yellow facial skin and pale coloration on the bill. Has a paler head, smaller wing patches and higher-pitched call than the similar Whyte’s Barbet. It is a low-density resident in Miombo (Brachystegia) woodland, favoring riverine areas with fruiting fig and sugar plum trees. Song a nasal “hooo-hooo-hooo” which often reveals its presence.
Pink-footed Puffback
Dryoscopus angolensis
Small bushshrike in which males and females are very different. Males are mostly black and gray, with white on the throat. Females are brown on the back, gray on the head, and buff below. Found in mountain and hill forest. Sometimes joins mixed-species flocks. The most common vocalization is a rising “cheeeu,” but also gives scolding and ratcheting calls. Somewhat similar to Sabine’s Puffback, but males separated by the gray rump and underparts, and females separated by their smaller size and less rufous coloration.
Buff-faced Pygmy-Parrot
Micropsitta pusio
A tiny parrot of lowland and foothill forest. Mostly green with yellow undertail, blue tail and large buffy face with contrasting dark crown patch. As with other pygmy-parrots, climbs on trunks with its outsized feet, like a nuthatch feeding on lichens and bark fungus. May overlap with Red-breasted or Yellow-capped Pygmy-Parrots, but Buff-faced, lacks the red belly, yellow crown and has a more extensive buffy face. Call, a very high-pitch note of varying lengths, “siiiiii!” or double “sii sii!”
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