Pygmy Nightjar
Nyctipolus hirundinaceus
Very small nightjar with an indistinct buffy throat. Ground color is variable between subspecies, with some paler and others darker. In flight, note the white wing stripes in both sexes. Males have two white patches on tail. Found in wooded rocky caatinga (dry scrubby forest), where it roosts on rock outcrops and boulders. The song is a short “wheeo.”
识别特征
The pygmy nightjar is 16 to 20 cm (6.3 to 7.9 in) long; one male weighed 32 g (1.1 oz). Males of the nominate subspecies have brown upperparts with grayish white and cinnamon speckles. The tail is brown with paler bars; some feathers have white tips. They have a buffy throat stripe and a white chin and throat with brown bars. The upper breast is a broad buffy cinnamon band with brown spots, the lower breast is brown with pale spots and bars, and the belly and flanks buff with brown bars. Females are similar to the males but paler and do not have the white on the tail. N. n. cearae is paler than the nominate, with a more rufous belly and lighter brown bars on the underparts. The tail has more white. N. n. veilliardi is darker than the nominate.
分类信息
The pygmy nightjar was originally placed in genus Caprimulgus, but DNA analyses show that it and its sister species blackish nightjar (Nyctipolus nigrescens) require their own genus. It has three subspecies, the nominate N. n. nigrescens, N. n. cearae, and N. n. veilliardi.
- 学名
- Nyctipolus hirundinaceus
- 命名信息
- (Spix, 1825)
- 目
- Caprimulgiformes
- 科
- Caprimulgidae
- 属
- Nyctipolus
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of pygmy nightjar is found in the northeastern Brazilian states of Piauí, Bahia, and Alagoas. N. n. cearae is also found in northeastern Brazil, from northern Ceará south into extreme northern Bahia. N. n. veilliardi is found in southeastern Minas Gerais and west central Espírito Santo states of eastern Brazil.<p>The pygmy nightjar inhabits dry landscapes of scrub and deciduous forest. In the caatinga region it favors gravelly or stony sites. In the Atlantic Forest region it typically is found at stony outcrops.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The pygmy nightjar is usually solitary except when paired for breeding. It typically roosts on open ground during the day.<p>The pygmy nightjar is active from dusk to dawn. It forages in open areas by flying up from the ground to capture prey and returning to the same site. Its diet has not been studied in detail but is known to be insects.<p>The pygmy nightjar breeds during the rainy season, between November and May. It lays a single egg on bare ground. Females tend the nest during the day and males at night. Both sexes have a distraction display in response to potential threats.<p>The pygmy nightjar's song is "a short single-noted, whistle, wheeo or wheo, and is often preceded by a rapid series of 3-4 wha notes, e.g. wha wha wah wheeo." Its alarm call is "liquid prrip notes."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Kawall's Amazon
Amazona kawalli
Large, bright green parrot. Note the white at the base of the bill, red patches on the tail sides, and narrow pale terminal tail-band. Found in humid forest, usually near watercourses. Most often detected by its nasal rolling monosyllabic “crraow” flight call. The similar Mealy Parrot has a bisyllabic flight call, lacks white around the bill, and has red shoulders.
Velvet-fronted Grackle
Lampropsar tanagrinus
Slim, medium-sized blackbird closely associated with water. Plumage is entirely black with iridescent sheen; note dark eyes. At close range, note rather short bill and diagnostic patch of short, dense feathers on forehead. Farther away, note habitat, social habits, and vocalizations. Found in flooded habitats including coastal swamps and riverine forest. Flocks rove through forest, often descending to ground at the water's edge, probing a variety of substrates in search of food while vocalizing constantly. Song is regionally variable and consists of grating, creaking, and sharp whistled notes; low chucking calls are similar to those of many other blackbirds. Distinctive if seen well; distinguished from other grackles by dark eyes, and from male Shiny Cowbird by habitat (usually) and longer bill and tail.
Whiskered Wren
Pheugopedius mystacalis
Fairly large wren, found in foothills and subtropics from Venezuela to western Ecuador. More often heard than seen; listen for rich whistled song usually given in widely spaced repeated phrases. Rufous above and pale grayish below, with striped black-and-white face pattern. Black bars on tail, unlike similar Plain-tailed Wren, which is found at higher elevations. Sexes similar. Skulks in thickets and tangles at the forest edge, usually in pairs.
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。