Horned Screamer
Anhima cornuta
Enormous, ungainly ogre of a bird. Found around freshwater marshes and rivers in Amazonian lowlands. Dark gray and black overall with a scaly white neck and white belly. Named for the characteristic unicorn-like appendage on top of its head. Walks along river banks and perches in waterside vegetation, sometimes quite high. Honking song can be heard at great distances—a deep, reedy “ha-moo-co” often uttered in duet.
识别特征
The horned screamer is a massive 84–95 cm (33–37.5 in) long, 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) bird, with a small chicken-like bill. The upperparts, head, and breast are black, with white speckles on the crown, throat and wing coverts. There is a long spiny structure projecting forward from the crown. This structure is unique among birds and is not derived from a feather but is a cornified structure that is loosely attached to the skull and grows continuously while often breaking at its tip. This gives this species its name. It has very long and lanky legs and three large toes in each. The belly and under wing coverts are white. It has two sharp spurs on its wings and feet which are only partially webbed.
分类信息
Already known in the 17th century, the horned screamer was described in 1766 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the twelfth edition of his Systema Naturae. He introduced the binomial name Palamedea cornuta. The horned screamer is now the only species placed in the genus Anhima that was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. The specific epithet cornuta is the Latin word for "horned". The German naturalist Georg Marcgrave had used the Latin name Anhima in 1648 for the horned screamer in his Historia naturalis Brasiliae. The name was from the word for the bird in the Tupi language of South America.
- 学名
- Anhima cornuta
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1766)
- 目
- Anseriformes
- 科
- Anhimidae
- 属
- Anhima
分布与栖息地
The horned screamer is found in lowlands from Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, French Guiana, Suriname, and Guyana. It has been possibly extirpated from Trinidad. Despite having declined locally, it remains widespread and is fairly common overall. Its range in Brazil appears to have expanded in recent years.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Screamers, like most birds, tend to group together, but are for the most part semi-social. The existence of the screamer is rather sedentary. It lives in well-vegetated marshes and feeds on water plants.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Red-backed Flameback
Dinopium psarodes
Widespread, medium-sized woodpecker with a bright red back and three toes. Endemic to Sri Lanka. Associated with home gardens, plantations, and most wooded habitats except for dense tropical forest. Separated from all other flamebacks except Black-rumped by dark throat, lack of a contrasting black horizontal stripe below the cheek, and its distinctive call. Separated from Black-rumped by its spectacular red back. Male has a complete red cap while the female has a black and white spotted forehead. Often detected by its loud “ki-ki-ki-ki-ki,” which steadily increases in pace and ends in a trill.
Blue-headed Wood-Dove
Turtur brehmeri
A shy dove of lowland tropical forest, rarely seen away from intact forest habitats. Distinct from other small African doves in its uniform ruddy plumage and blue-gray head and hindneck. Call is a series of hollow hoots that increase in speed and sometimes waver slightly in pitch. Song is very similar to that of other wood-doves, but other wood-doves prefer more disturbed or more open habitats.
Siffling Cisticola
Cisticola brachypterus
Small, remarkably nondescript cisticola. The back can be vaguely streaked in breeding plumage, and is more heavily streaked in non-breeding plumage. There are two bands across the tip of the tail, one buff and one black. Found in a variety of grassy habitats, including savanna, forest edge, woodland openings, and scrub. The song is two or three high notes in a descending series: “tsee-tree-tro.” Also gives a faster, rollicking series of many consecutive notes. Very similar to Rufous Cisticola, but generally has colder and browner coloration, and shows some streaking on the back.
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