White-tufted Sunbeam
Aglaeactis castelnaudii
Large, dark hummingbird that inhabits a restricted range in the high Peruvian Andes. Dark orangey brown, with a rich golden tail, an iridescent purple back, and a bold white tuft on the breast. Compared to the similar Shining Sunbeam, has a darker brown head and body and a much brighter white chest patch. Found in semi-humid scrub at high elevations, especially around intermontane valleys.
识别特征
An adult white-tufted sunbeam is approximately 12 cm in height and weighs 7- 8.5 g. The bill is straight and black and there is a notable patch of white feathers directly under the chin on the breast. The rest of the body is described as tawny and darkly-colored. There are iridescent feathers on the back of the bird that are most noticeable in flight and while hovering. Males and females of the species exhibit subtle sexual dimorphism.<p>Males are fuscous-black on their upper backs with a magenta reflection on their rump and lower back. Their tails are forked. The belly, side, and neck of a male are dull brown. The throat and pectoral band are blackish in color. True to their name, there is a white feather tuft on the central breast. Females are very similar to males, but have a less iridescent back and a smaller tail fork.<p>Juvenile white-tufted sunbeams have a more uniform, brown exterior with no iridescent feathers.
分类信息
- 学名
- Aglaeactis castelnaudii
- 命名信息
- (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Aglaeactis
分布与栖息地
The white-tufted sunbeam has a small and fragmented range, estimated at a maximum of 832 km2 (approximately 321 sq mi), cumulatively. This number was calculated using the remaining tree area in their range. The species has been observed to have a range that is not restricted to a specific number of locations (i.e. the range is fragmented). These hummingbirds reside in two main areas located in Central and Southern-Central Peru. They prefer drier parts of evergreen montane forests, intermontane valleys, and open shrub. White-tufted sunbeams can often be seen perching precariously at the very top of trees; except for where their range overlaps with Shining Sunbeams (Aglaeactis cupripennis). In these areas, they are often hidden away on lower branches and within dense vegetation.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
This hummingbird's divided range meets the criterion of the IUCN (International Union for Conservation) Red List, and is therefore evaluated as near threatened. Despite a general agreement among researchers that this species has a declining population and fragmented range, it is not defined as vulnerable by the IUCN because the range is not considered severely fragmented.<p>While the hummingbird's exact population size is unknown, white-tufted sunbeams have been described as “common but patchily distributed." The suspected cause of population decline is ongoing habitat loss due to deforestation.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Olive-faced Flatbill
Tolmomyias viridiceps
Small flycatcher found in secondary forest in lowlands and foothills east of the Andes. Good ID features include its wide bill, bright yellow throat and breast, and lack of strong wing markings. Similar to Ochre-lored Flatbill, which used to be considered the same species and called Yellow-breasted Flycatcher. Note their different ranges, since they mostly do not overlap. Olive-faced Flycatcher lacks orange in the face, has less distinct wingbars, and has a different voice. Typical song is a rising, well-spaced series of “peek” notes, and sometimes gives a shrill whinny.
Banded Kingfisher
Lacedo pulchella
Brilliantly colored kingfisher with a heavy crimson bill and a large puffy head. Male is bright blue with an orange face, white chin, light orange breast, and black-and-blue banded wings and tail. Female is striped like a tiger, with orange and black patterning across her entire body. Perches quietly and absolutely motionless at various levels of the forest, usually mid-height to low, where it can be difficult to detect. Inhabits lowland and hill forests. Gives away its presence with a long haunting whistle followed by a series of mellow whistles.
Spot-bellied Bobwhite
Colinus leucopogon
Small quail of dry habitats in interior valleys and on the Pacific slope. Favors brushy fields, thorn scrub with grassy areas and open pine woods. Often seen along quiet roadsides early and late in the day. Usually in small groups, which flush explosively with a loud whirring of wings. Males in Guatemala and El Salvador have white face and throat. Males in Honduras and Nicaragua have bold whitish face stripes and dark throat. All females have buff eyebrow and throat. Frequently found by hearing its loud whistled bob-WHITE! call.
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