White-throated Woodcreeper
Xiphocolaptes albicollis
Large woodcreeper with a relatively small head and a long, robust, and slightly decurved bill. Found in humid forests including Araucaria forest where it forages at all levels. Rufous-brown body with a pale face and throat, and buff streaking on the neck and crown. The breast is buffy with white streaks and the belly is barred. Sometimes found in association with army-ant swarms or mixed-species flocks. Loud, far-carrying song is a whine followed by a descending series of 4–6 disyllabic whistles.
识别特征
The white-throated woodcreeper is one of the largest members of its subfamily. It is heavy-bodied, with a shortish tail and a long decurved bill. It is 27.5 to 33 cm (11 to 13 in) long and weighs 110 to 130 g (3.9 to 4.6 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a dark face with a whitish to pale buff supercilium and moustachial stripe. They have a dark stripe behind the eye and a blackish one on the cheek. Their forehead, crown, and nape are black with strong cream to buff streaks on the crown. Their back and wing coverts are brownish olive and their rump rusty chestnut; the upper back has faint light streaks. Their flight feathers have light chestnut inner webs, dark brown outer webs, and dusky tips. Their tail is dark chestnut with darker shafts on the feathers. Their throat is white to buffy white and their underparts olive-brown to tawny. Their breast and sides have bold pale buff to whitish streaks with dark edges, and their belly, thighs, and undertail coverts have distinct darker bars. Their iris is red to brown, their bill black (sometimes with a horn-colored mandible), and their legs and feet highly variable in color but generally dark. Juveniles are similar to adults with a shorter bill and rusty-yellow spots on the crown.<p>Subspecies X. a. villanovae is overall paler than the nominate, with a dark brown crown, a more obvious supercilium, weaker barring on the belly, and a shorter bill. X. a. bahiae is also paler than the nominate, but browner. Its crown is dark brown with tawny-rufous streaks, its breast streaks are without dark edges, and it has a few dusky spots instead of barring on the belly.
分类信息
The white-throated woodcreeper has three subspecies, the nominate X. a. albicollis (Vieillot, 1818), X. a. bahiae (Cory, 1919), and X. a. villanovae (Lima, 1920). X. a. villanovae has previously been treated as a separate species and also as a subspecies of the moustached woodcreeper (X. falcirostris). Subspecies franciscanus of the moustached woodcreeper has sometimes been treated as a subspecies of the white-throated.
- 学名
- Xiphocolaptes albicollis
- 命名信息
- (Vieillot, 1818)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Xiphocolaptes
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of the white-throated woodcreeper is found in southeastern and southern Brazil from southern Bahia south into Rio Grande do Sul, through eastern Paraguay, and into Argentina as far as northeastern Corrientes Province. Subspecies X. a. villanovae is found only in a small area around Senhor do Bonfim in the northeast of Brazil's Bahia state. X. a. bahiae is found slightly more extensively in the Chapada Diamantina of eastern and central Bahia. The species is primarily a bird of the humid Atlantic Forest and also occurs in semi-deciduous forest and in gallery forest in cerrado. It favors the interior of primary forest but regularly occurs at its edges and in mature secondary forest. In elevation it is mostly found below 1,500 m (4,900 ft) but occurs as high as 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: stable.
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
West African Seedeater
Crithagra canicapilla
A medium-sized brown seedeater. Note the boldly marked face with a dark crown, a white eyebrow, and a broad dark-brown patch through the eye. The underparts lack streaking, but may show some brown blotching. Found in woodland, scrub, and cultivated areas. Often in pairs or small flocks. Similar to Reichard's Seedeater, but there is little overlap in range, and West African is easily separated by the unstreaked underparts. Somewhat similar to White-rumped Seedeater, but lacks a white rump, and has a strong facial pattern and unstreaked underparts. Gives a pretty, musical up-and-down song of whistles and trills which also sometimes includes imitations of other birds.
Papuan Pitta
Erythropitta macklotii
A distinctive plump, short-tailed, long-legged bird with a bold red belly. Note the rusty nape, black throat, broad blue chest band bordered below with a thick black line, and greenish upperparts. Singles or pairs forage on the forest floor or call from a low perch within forest and secondary growth. More abundant in the lowlands but also occurs in the foothills. No similar species in range. Song is typical of the genus, with a quivering, rising first note and a falling, mournful second whistle: “waaaaop-aaaaaawoo.”
Buckley's Forest-Falcon
Micrastur buckleyi
Elusive falcon of lowland and foothill rainforest east of the Andes. Note black upperparts, white underparts, white hindcollar, and dull yellow face. Female may show white spots on wings. Immature is barred underneath with brownish nape. Adult is very similar to pale morph Collared Forest-Falcon but slightly smaller; ID is best confirmed by voice. Typical song of Buckley’s is “kawah, koh”, sometimes followed by a lower “koh” note. Usually stays inside forest and is infrequently seen.
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