Sparkling-tailed Hummingbird
Tilmatura dupontii
Very small, rather insectlike hummingbird found locally in foothills and highlands; uncommon. Occurs mainly in shrubby areas with flower banks, within areas of open woodland and forest. When feeding at flowers, flies slowly and methodically, like a big bee, often with the tail held cocked. Best field mark is the big white rump patches, which contribute to the beelike aspect. Male has long, forked tail (usually closed in a point) with white bands. Female is rather plain but is distinctly buffy below.
识别特征
Male sparkling-tailed woodstars are 8.2 to 10.1 cm (3.2 to 4.0 in) long. Females are 5.8 to 7.5 cm (2.3 to 3.0 in) long. Twelve specimens weighed an average of 2.23 g (0.079 oz). Both sexes have a long, straight, black bill and a large white patch on each side of the rump. Males have metallic green upperparts, a grayish white breast, and dark metallic bronze green belly and flanks. Their gorget is metallic violet blue. The central two pairs of tail feathers are metallic bronze green. The outer three pairs are about four times as long as the inner pairs, giving a deeply forked tail. They are purplish black with white tips and the outer two pairs also have a chestnut band and a white band. The female has metallic bronze or bronze green upperparts and cinnamon underparts that are darker on the flanks and lower belly. The tail is only slightly forked. The central two pairs of feathers are metallic bronze green with black tips. The outer three pairs have bronze green bases, a wide black band near the tip, and pale cinnamon or white tips.
分类信息
The sparkling-tailed woodstar is the only member of its genus and has no subspecies. However, some authors have proposed that it belongs to the larger genus Philodice and others have assigned a second subspecies to it. Neither of these treatments have received significant support.
- 学名
- Tilmatura dupontii
- 命名信息
- (Lesson, RP, 1832)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Tilmatura
分布与栖息地
The sparkling-tailed woodstar is found discontinuously in Mexico from Sinaloa in the west and Veracruz in the east through Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras into northern Nicaragua. It inhabits semi-open landscapes such as the edges of pine-oak forest, bushy secondary forest, and scrubby woods. In elevation it generally ranges from 750 to 2,500 m (2,500 to 8,200 ft) though it occurs locally or seasonally almost down to sea level.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The sparkling-tailed woodstars movements are not well known; it possibly makes seasonal movements to lower elevations.<p>The sparkling-tailed woodstar forages for nectar by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowering plants and trees. It seeks nectar at all levels of the vegetation with a slow, bee-like flight, and apparently feeds at a wide variety of plants but details are lacking. In addition to nectar, it feeds on insects captured by hawking from a perch.<p>Almost nothing is known about the sparkling-tailed woodstar's breeding phenology. Individuals collected in August in western Mexico were in breeding condition, so the breeding season apparently includes that month.<p>The sparkling-tailed woodstar's song is "a very high, thin, but musical squeaking in a continuous stream, rising and falling slightly and lasting for many seconds at a time." It is sung from a high exposed perch. It also occasionally gives "high, sharp, twittering chirps".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Long-billed Bush Warbler
Locustella major
Extremely rare, large, elongated brown warbler with a long slender bill. Fairly similar in appearance to West Himalayan, Chinese, Baikal, and Spotted Bush Warblers, but breeding ranges do not overlap. Like other bush warblers, typically very skulking and furtive, preferring to run instead of fly when threatened. Emerges onto small bushes to sing, producing a dull clicking that would underwhelm a grasshopper. Breeds in weedy and bushy slopes in open alpine and subalpine areas; wintering habitat poorly understood but presumed to be similar habitat at lower altitudes. Very few sightings in recent years.
American Herring Gull
Larus smithsonianus
Common and widespread large gull found throughout North America. Adults have a fairly pale gray back, pale eye, and dull pinkish legs. Takes four years for immatures to progress from mostly brown to fully white and gray adult plumage; intermediate plumages are often mottled and messy. Usually shows a dull pinkish base to the bill by the first winter, and develops a pale eye by the second winter. Some immature birds can fade to almost white, especially in their first or second summer, but they always show darker wingtips. Occurs inland and along the coast, frequenting fishing boats, beaches, lakes, and landfills. Often forms large flocks with other gulls.
Silver-eared Mesia
Leiothrix argentauris
Beautiful small babbler with a black head, bright silver ear, orange underparts, and a bright red wing patch. Travels in noisy flocks through hill and submontane forest, sometimes in single-species groups and occasionally with other species. Unfortunately a common target of the cage bird trade, and escapees are often seen outside of their native range; in some areas, such as Hong Kong, they have even established self-sustaining populations. Warbled song often given as birds move around in flocks.
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