Paramo Tapaculo
Scytalopus opacus
Small, mouse-like bird found at very high elevations in the Andes. Inhabits scrub and edge of elfin forest. Male is mostly dark gray; female has brown upperparts and gray underparts. Both sexes have very faint barring on lower underparts. Similar to several other species of tapaculos, and best identified by range, elevation, habitat, and voice. Song is a dry, cicada-like rattle that usually lasts two to six seconds, and then repeated again after a pause. Skulks in dense vegetation, usually close to the ground.
识别特征
The Paramo tapaculo resembles other Scytalopus tapaculos. It is approximately 10.5 cm (4.1 in) long. Males weigh 13.9 to 17.9 g (0.49 to 0.63 oz) and females 13.4 to 16 g (0.47 to 0.56 oz). Males are very dark gray above and medium to dark gray on most of the underside. The flanks and vent area are tawny to dark brown with darker barring. The female is brown above and pale to medium gray on most of the underside. Like the male it has brownish flanks and vent area. The juveniles are highly variable, but generally have shades of brown and barring above and shades of gray and buff below with or without barring.
分类信息
The Paramo tapaculo was originally described as a subspecies of Magellanic tapaculo (Scytalopus magellanicus) and then as a subspecies of paramillo tapaculo (S. canus). Krabbe and Cadena (2010) showed that they have very different voices. Based on that data, The South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithologists' Union (now the American Ornithological Society, AOS) elevated it to species rank and the International Ornithological Congress (IOC) and Clements taxonomy followed suit.<p>The Paramo tapaculo is monophyletic. The former subspecies S. o. androstictus was elevated by the SACC to species status as the Loja tapaculo in July 2020 and by the IOC in January 2021.
- 学名
- Scytalopus opacus
- 命名信息
- Zimmer, JT, 1941
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Rhinocryptidae
- 属
- Scytalopus
分布与栖息地
The Paramo tapaculo ranges the central Andes from southern Colombia to south-central Ecuador. It generally inhabits shrub and scrublands at and above treeline but can also be found in Polylepis woodland and high elevation humid forest. Its elevation range is typically between 3,050 and 4,000 m (10,010 and 13,120 ft). It is believed to be sedentary.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Paramo tapaculo forages on and near the ground for small arthropods and occasionally for berries.<p>Little is known about the Paramo tapaculo's breeding phenology. Females with brood patches and juveniles have been collected in March, May, and November.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Great Rosefinch
Carpodacus rubicilla
As the name suggests, a large rosefinch. Male is bright pink with a dark face and frosty specks on the underparts. Female is streaky brown all over. Very similar to Streaked Rosefinch; look out for unstreaked upperparts in the male and softer, larger white spots on the underparts. Prefers more sparsely vegetated areas at higher elevations than Streaked Rosefinch, favoring alpine and subalpine scree slopes, boulder fields, and other open and barren environments; descends into similar habitat in the winter. Gives various chips, cheeps, and wheezy notes.
Coroneted Fruit-Dove
Ptilinopus coronulatus
A small fruit-dove of drier lowland forest. Pale pink or whitish forehead with a yellow stripe behind going over the top of the head, from eye to eye. Green breast and yellow-orange belly separated by a pink patch. Feeds on fruit at all levels in the trees. No other small fruit doves have the combination of pale forehead with green chest. Call, a series of long “wooo” notes, first rising then falling.
Madagascar Starling
Hartlaubius auratus
Slim, dark-brown starling. Male is rich brown while female is paler and grayer. Both sexes have a big white patch in the wing that is conspicuous in flight. Madagascar endemic that is found most commonly in rainforest, but also in dry deciduous forest, gallery forest, scrub, and plantations. Usually found in pairs or small flocks, often around fruiting trees. Call is a simple “pu-leet” that is often given in flight. Much smaller and slimmer than Common Myna. Unlike Madagascar Bulbul, shows a dark bill and a white wing patch.
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