White-throated Barbtail
Premnoplex tatei
Active, small white-spotted dark-brown bird with white throat and spiky tail. Sexes similar. Locally fairly common in Paria region, uncommon in Caripe area. Usually foraging alone or in pairs, family groups, or mixed species flocks in mossy understory of cloud forest, often rich in palms. Easiest to find by song, a series of bubbling notes, especially in the morning when vocally active. No similar species in range. Endemic to the Turimiquire and Paria regions of northeastern Venezuela.
识别特征
The white-throated barbtail is 14 to 15 cm (5.5 to 5.9 in) long. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a whitish supercilium, brownish ear coverts, and whitish streaks on the side of the neck. Their crown is dark gray-brown with a blackish scalloped appearance. Their back, rump, and uppertail coverts are dark gray-brown with a rufous tinge. Their wings and tail are dark fuscous; the ends of the tail feathers lack barbs, giving a spiny appearance. Their throat and upper breast are whitish and the rest of their underparts dark brownish with whitish streaks. Their iris is dark brown, their maxilla black, their mandible pale grayish pink (often with a black tip), and their legs and feet dark gray-brown to black. Juveniles are similar to adults. Subspecies P. t. pariae has a darker, duskier crown than the nominate, an unmarked buff throat, and darker brown underparts. Its breast has less distinct markings and its belly has wider streaks.
分类信息
The white-throated barbtail was originally described as a full species and later treated as a subspecies of the spotted barbtail (P. brunnescens) by many authors. Based on voice, habitat, behavioral, and genetic differences described in 2007 and 2010 publications it was elevated back to species rank. The white-throated and spotted barbtails form a superspecies.<p>As of late 2023 its further taxonomy is unsettled. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society, the International Ornithological Committee, and the Clements taxonomy assign it two subspecies, the nominate P. t. tatei (Chapman, 1925) and P. t. pariae (Phelps, WH & Phelps, WH Jr, 1949). BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) treats the two taxa as separate species. It retains the English name white-throated barbtail for P. tatei sensu stricto and calls P. pariae the Paria barbtail. Some data generated since the 2010 publication support the two-species model.<p>This article follows the one-species, two-subspecies model.
- 学名
- Premnoplex tatei
- 命名信息
- Chapman, 1925
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Premnoplex
分布与栖息地
The white-throated barbtail has a disjunct distribution. The nominate subspecies is found along several mountain ranges in the northeastern Venezuelan states of Anzoátegui, Sucre and Monagas. It is found at elevations between 1,100 and 2,400 m (3,600 and 7,900 ft). Subspecies P. t. pariae is found along the eastern mountains of Venezuela's Paria Peninsula, where it occurs at elevations between 800 and 1,200 m (2,600 and 3,900 ft). The species inhabits wet, mossy, montane evergreen forest, where it favors an understory dominated by small palms and plants of the Arum family (Araceae).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
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