Thick-billed Saltator

Saltator maxillosus

A grosbeaklike bird found in the canopy of montane forests; often accompanies mixed-species flocks. Note the broad white eyebrow and black mustache, which in males contrasts with a dark gray head and back and a buff throat and belly. Females have an olive-green back, a gray face, and a buff throat and belly. Females resemble Green-winged Saltator, but with a buff (not white) throat and a heavier bill.

识别特征

Measures about 19 centimeters. It draws attention by the very thick, tall and yellow beak at the base. Upper parts dark gray. Almost without green, white eyebrow starting at the base of the beak, lower parts rusty; female with green back; the immature with green upper parts and the black beak.<p>Its vocalization is by stanza of four strong calls, the third loudest, sings from August onwards.

分类信息

Monotypic species ( subspecies are not recognized ).<p>(Clements checklist, 2014).

学名
Saltator maxillosus
命名信息
Cabanis, 1851
Passeriformes
Thraupidae
Saltator

分布与栖息地

They live on the edge of the forest, gardens, locally in the high mountains of Southeast Brazil. The species range is from Espírito Santo to Rio de Janeiro, and from there to the northeast of Rio Grande do Sul and east of Argentina.

迁徙
Vertical migration

行为

Just like its counterpart, the real iron crack (Saltator similis), this species feeds on seeds, leaves, insects and fruits (omnivorous).<p>During reproduction they live strictly in couples, extremely loyal to a territory . They build cup-shaped nests at little height, the incubation lasts around 14 days. It has an average of 2 litters per season with 3 eggs each.

保护状况

种群趋势
unknown

照片

分布

鸟叫声

其他鸟类

Palawan Drongo

Palawan Drongo

Dicrurus palawanensis

A large, stocky drongo endemic to Palawan. Note highly iridescent wings and shiny speckles on the breast and neck, as well as the shallowly forked tail and large, curved bill. Ashy Drongo has a somewhat similar shape, but is paler and more slender overall, lacks prominent iridescence, and has red eyes. Like many other drongos, often selects conspicuous perches in forest and forest edge. Strong, varied song often includes high-pitched whistles and warbles, as well as hoots and grating notes.

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher

Empidonax flaviventris

Small flycatcher, extremely similar to several other species. Generally shy and inconspicuous; breeds in spruce forests often near boggy areas. Migrants tend to be found in denser wet areas within woods. Olive-greenish above with distinctive yellow wash on throat and belly. Black wings with bold white wingbars. Nearly identical to Western Flycatchers, but limited range overlap. Within range, main confusion species is Least Flycatcher. Bright yellow throat and belly is usually enough to identify Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, but some worn birds can be very similar. Song is similar to Least Flycatcher ("chebek") but more slurred, with a soft buzzy tone. Not frequently repeated like Least Flycatcher. Soft whistled call note, "pwee," unlike Least's sharp "whit" call.

Somali Crow

Somali Crow

Corvus edithae

An entirely black crow with a fairly thick, raven-like bill. Found in a variety of dry country habitats, including savanna, thornscrub, desert, towns, and cultivated areas. Often in small flocks. Similar to Fan-tailed Raven, but has a different shape, especially in flight, with a much longer tail. Very similar to Brown-necked Raven, but smaller, and there is little overlap in range. Typical birds look very different from Pied Crow, but these two species sometimes hybridize, producing birds with white blotching on the back and underparts. The calls are typical rough cawing notes. 

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