Bronze-tailed Thornbill
Chalcostigma heteropogon
Medium-sized hummingbird with a rather large tail. Males and females are dingy greenish-olive overall. On both sexes, look for a bronzy rump and tail and a short, straight bill. Males have a long iridescent throat patch that is mostly green, but ends in a pink point. Females have a grayish throat. Typically seen singly in shrubby stunted forest at the edge of páramo. Restricted to the Andes of north-central Colombia.
识别特征
The bronze-tailed thornbill is 13 to 14 cm (5.1 to 5.5 in) long and weighs 5.9 to 6.3 g (0.21 to 0.22 oz). Both sexes have a short straight black bill. Adults are generally bottle green overall, with coppery red uppertail coverts and a forked olive green tail. Adult males have a narrow gorget that is emerald green under the chin and transitions to pink at the bottom. Adult females are similar but the gorget is paler green and does not have the pink "beard"; in addition their outer tail feathers have pale tips. Juveniles resemble adult females with the addition of a mahogany red crown.
分类信息
The taxonomy of genus Chalcostigma is unsettled. The South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithological Society is considering a proposal to merge the genus into Oxypogon. The bronze-tailed thornbill is monotypic.
- 学名
- Chalcostigma heteropogon
- 命名信息
- (Boissonneau, 1840)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Chalcostigma
分布与栖息地
The bronze-tailed thornbill is found from the Tamá Massif of extreme western Venezuela through the Eastern Andes of Colombia as far south as Cundinamarca Department. It inhabits steep rocky slopes within semi-arid to humid páramo grasslands and also the edges of Polylepis and other stunted woodland. In elevation it ranges between 3,000 and 3,900 m (9,800 and 12,800 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The bronze-tailed thornbill is thought to be sedentary, but it possibly makes seasonal elevational movements.<p>The bronze-tailed thornbill feeds on nectar from a variety of flowers and shrubs. It forages by clinging to flowers or hovering, and not on the ground like some others of its genus. Both sexes are aggessive and defend patches of flowers. The species also gleans insects from vegetation and sallies to catch them on the wing.<p>The bronze-tailed thornbill's breeding season is thought to span from September to January but may extend further at either end. As is typical of hummingbirds, the female alone incubates the two white eggs. Nothing else has been documented about its breeding phenology.<p>The bronze-tailed thornbill makes "a dull short 'tzk'" call; other vocalizations if any are not known.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Chatham Islands Gerygone
Gerygone albofrontata
Small warbler endemic to the Chatham Islands of New Zealand. Note dull olive-brown upperparts and white to yellowish plumage below. Distinctive red eye. Males are larger and have a white forehead, eyebrows, chest, and belly. Females have more subtle coloring. Juveniles have brown eyes and a noticeable yellowish tinge to their underparts. Confined to southern forests and scrub. Forages for insects from tree trunks and leaves. Will come to the ground to forage, often in small family flocks. Listen for loud male song, a repeated 4-note phrase “chi-ch-ch-ch.” Some nests are parasitized by larger Shining Bronze-Cuckoo. Distinguishable from Silvereye by lack of distinctive white eye-ring.
Slaty-backed Thornbill
Acanthiza robustirostris
Small bird with thin pointed bill, uncommon in mulga woodland of arid inland temperate Australia. Brownish gray above, cream-colored below, with dark eye, dark streaking on forecrown, pale lores, pale-tipped dark tail, and chestnut rump, often visible in flight. Usually seen in pairs or singly, foraging low in branches rather than on the ground. Distinguished from juvenile Chestnut-rumped Thornbill (which also has dark eyes) by noting the dark streaks on Slaty-backed’s forehead. Typical calls are thin chatter and a clear, reeling trill.
Dark-breasted Spinetail
Synallaxis albigularis
Handsome spinetail of grassy areas in lowlands and foothills. Gray with chestnut crown and shoulders. Black throat spot is bordered by a white “V”. Skulks in overgrown pastures, tangled clearings, and dense scrub on young river islands, but avoids forest. Usually hard to see unless it is actively defending its territory. Song is a sharp “pik” immediately followed by a quick, rattling trill.
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