Black-throated Thistletail
Asthenes harterti
Small, round, long-tailed canastero of dense understory in upper humid montane forest along the east slope of the Andes in central and NW Bolivia. Fairly common throughout range, and very inquisitive. Black throat, plump figure,and long thin raggedy tail distinctive in range. Song a fast, accelerating series of high squeaks.
识别特征
The black-throated thistletail is 17 to 18 cm (6.7 to 7.1 in) long and weighs 12 to 14 g (0.42 to 0.49 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a rufous-brown face with a light brown supercilium. Their crown, back, rump, wings, and tail are dark rufescent brown. Their tail is long and deeply forked with few barbs at the feather ends. Their chin is grayish white and their throat black with whitish streaks. Their underparts are mostly brownish gray with browner flanks and undertail coverts. Their iris is light brown to brown, their maxilla blackish to dark gray, their mandible gray to pinkish gray with a dark tip, and their legs and feet blue-gray to gray. Subspecies A. h. bejaranoi differs from the nominate by having some ochraceous on the face and neck, and paler underparts with ochraceous sides and flanks.
分类信息
The black-throated thistletail and eight other species were previously placed in genus Schizoeaca but genetic data showed that the genus is embedded within Asthenes. Some authors considered all of those taxa to be conspecific but the genetic data confirm they are separate species.<p>According to the International Ornithological Committee, the black-throated thistletail has two subspecies, the nominate A. h. harterti (Berlepsch, 1901) and A. h. bejaranoi (Remsen, 1981). The Clements taxonomy treats it as monotypic. This article follows the two-subspecies model.
- 学名
- Asthenes harterti
- 命名信息
- (Berlepsch, 1901)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Asthenes
分布与栖息地
The black-throated thistletail is found only in the Andes of western Bolivia, in the departments of La Paz, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz. The nominate subspecies is the more northerly of the two. The species inhabits páramo grasslands, elfin forest, the ecotone at tree line, and the edge of cloudforest. In elevation it ranges between 2,900 and 3,400 m (9,500 and 11,200 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The black-throated thistletail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The black-throated thistletail feeds mostly on arthropods, and seeds are a small part of its diet. It forages singly or in pairs, usually in the understory though sometimes higher. It takes its prey by gleaning mostly from foliage and small branches and also moss, grass, and rocks.<p>The black-throated thistletail's breeding season has not been defined but includes at least January. It is thought to be monogamous. The one known nest was an oval mass with a side entrance, constructed of moss and a few twigs and placed on a clump of grass. The clutch size is thought to be two eggs. Both sexes provision nestlings but further details of the species' breeding biology are not known.<p>The black-throated thistletail's song is "a series of emphatic squeaky notes, accelerating and then slowing, descending slightly at end". Its alarm call is a "rodent-like 'pseea' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Siberian Sand-Plover
Anarhynchus mongolus
Medium-sized plover with a pale throat, brown back, and white belly. Breeding adults have a black mask, white forehead, and a bright orange chest and neck; males average brighter than females. Non-breeding and immature birds are brownish above and white below, with a variable white forehead and eyebrow. Compare with slightly larger Greater Sand-Plover; Siberian is proportionally smaller-headed and darker-legged, and its shorter bill has a slight bulge at the tip. Smaller Kentish Plover can be similar in non-breeding plumage; Siberian is taller and longer-legged, without Kentish’s strong white neck band. Very difficult to distinguish from Tibetan Sand-Plover, especially nonbreeding and immature birds, though identification can often be presumed by range. In breeding plumage, note the less extensive black mask of Siberian, usually with a white spot on the forehead. In nonbreeding plumage, look for a generally stronger breast band and faint brown markings on the flanks in Siberian. In areas of overlap many birds best left unidentified. Breeds mainly in Russian Far East; winters on coastal mudflats and beaches from Taiwan to Australia.
White-breasted Nigrita
Nigrita fusconotus
Unusual little nigrita with pale underparts, a black cap, and a brown back. Found in and around humid forest at low and middle elevations, usually in pairs or small groups in the canopy. One song consists of an up-and-down series of mournful whistles. Another, which is more distinctive, is a long, descending series of high-pitched notes. Superficially similar to some waxbills, but separated by the lack of red plumage.
Delta Amacuro Softtail
Thripophaga amacurensis
Distinctive streaky brown bird of riverine habitats of the Orinoco Delta. Most of body brown with buffy streaks (tear-shaped on underparts). Rich chestnut on chin, wings, rump, and tail. Sexes similar. Locally common and often in pairs, found from understory to canopy in riverine forest where often climbs trunks like a woodcreeper. Voice is an explosive group of short notes, mostly in duet. Similar to Orinoco Softtail (no range overlap), which is less streaked and has a buff eyebrow; Rusty-backed Spinetail is unstreaked. Endemic to the Orinoco River of northeastern Venezuela.
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