Rusty-backed Antwren
Formicivora rufa
Small antbird with a long tail. Found in savanna and grasslands with sparse trees and shrubs. Males are richly rufous above and black below with brownish flanks and a white eyebrow, while females have streaking on the face and breast. The song is a long rattle.
识别特征
The rusty-backed antwren is 12 to 13 cm (4.7 to 5.1 in) long and weighs 11.5 to 14 g (0.41 to 0.49 oz). The males of all three subspecies have a tawny rufous crown and upperparts. They have a white supercilium and the rest of the face and the throat are black. The middle of the breast is black with a white edge separating it from the cinnamon-buff flanks; the belly is white. The folded wings show lines of white dots. The tail feathers are black with chestnut fringes, white sides, and white tips. The nominate female has paler rufous upperparts than the male. The face, throat, and chest are streaked black and white and the rest of the underparts are cinnamon. The female of F. r. urubambae has much heavier streaking on the underparts than the nominate and its tail is blacker. The female of F. r. chapmani is intermediate between the other two subspecies but closer in appearance to urubambae.
分类信息
The rusty-backed antwren has three subspecies, the nominate F. rufa rufa, F. r. urubambae, and F. r. chapmani.
- 学名
- Formicivora rufa
- 命名信息
- (Wied-Neuwied, M, 1831)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Formicivora
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of rusty-backed antwren is found widely across south-central and eastern Brazil from the Atlantic Ocean west intro extreme southeastern Peru, much of eastern Bolivia, and central and northeastern Paraguay. F. r. urubambae is found discontinuously in Peru's departments of San Martín, Ucayali, and Cuzco. F. r. chapmani is found discontinuously in southern Suriname and a few east-central states of Brazil. It is believed to be resident in all parts of its range.<p>The rusty-backed antwren inhabits a variety of semi-open to open landscapes such as cerrado, campos with scattered trees, white sand forest, and scrublands. In elevation it ranges from sea level in the east to as high as 1,450 m (4,800 ft) in Peru and Bolivia.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The rusty-backed antwren's diet is known to include insects and thought also to include spiders. It is an active forager, hopping through the interior of bushes and small trees and making short sally flights to glean prey from foliage. It does not appear to follow army ant swarms.<p>The rusty-backed antwren's breeding season in Brazil spans from September to May. One nest in São Paulo state was a deep cup made of grass stems in the fork of a twig in a small bush. In a study of 47 nests in the southeastern coastal zone, nesting was concentrated between October and early March. Both sexes contributed to nest building, incubation, and provisioning of nestlings. The clutch size was always two eggs. Incubation lasted an average of 16 days, and fledging occurred eight to 10 days after hatch. About two thirds of the broods were lost to predation. Pairs made up to four nesting attempts.<p>The rusty-backed antwren's song is "a long rattle of evenly pitched harsh or sharp notes, often increasing in intensity" that appears to vary geographically. Common calls are "an explosive or strident 'chip cheep' or 'tit-tweep'".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Southern Citril
Crithagra hyposticta
Small seedeater with a sharp bill and forked tail. The upperparts are olive-green and the underparts pale yellow with some streaking. Males and females are similar. Found at middle and high elevations in a variety of habitats, including forest edge, gardens, cultivation, moist scrub, and woodland. Usually in small flocks. The song is a fast jumble of high-pitched twitters and whistles. Similar to Western Citril, but there is virtually no overlap in range, and further separated by the lack of a strong pale eyebrow, and the lack of a black face on the male.
Chiloe Wigeon
Mareca sibilatrix
Handsome and distinctive duck. Sexes look similar, but male averages brighter. Note the striking face pattern (duller on young and on adults in late summer), bright rusty sides, and bold white forewing patches that show in flight. Often common in wetlands, marshes, at lakes, and along river mouths. Associates readily with other waterfowl, but more often seen on shore, grazing in grassy areas.
Moluccan Woodcock
Scolopax rochussenii
A chunky, snipe-like forest-dwelling shorebird with cryptic plumage, a stunted tail, and a long powerful bill. Buff below with extensive bold black markings above. Largely occupies the floor of lowland and foothills forests. Best seen in crepuscular display flights above the canopy, when its heavy body, short tail, heavily checkered broad underwings, and long bill can be noted. Confined to islands of Obi and Bacan, where it is the only woodcock. In display flight, frequently repeats a distinctive short, wet rattle, “titilit.”
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