Panama Flycatcher

A large, chunky, thickset weaver. The male is chocolate-brown with red legs and a hefty vermilion bill; the female and juvenile are paler and streaky underneath, with paler bills. In flight the species shows striking white wing patches. Family groups prefer dry woodlands with large trees that hold their sprawling and messy communal nests. Buffalo-Weavers forage on the ground in small to large groups, often in association with starlings and other birds, searching for insects, seeds, and fruit. Their odd electronic-sounding vocalizations often draw attention to them. The similar White-billed Buffalo-Weaver does not have a red or pinkish-orange bill.

Small, plain honeyeater; almost entirely a bland, unmarked, olive-brown with subtle yellow patch on the neck. Adult’s bill is entirely black, whereas juvenile has yellow base to bill plus a yellow eyering. Typically found in dry eucalypt forest; tends to move down from higher altitudes in the winter months. Found in eastern Australia.

A small, dumpy pipit lacking a distinct eyebrow. The lack of wingbars and the diffuse streaks on the breast that do not reach the flanks are further distinguishing features. Pairs are furtive in open and lightly wooded savanna with bare patches, particularly where it is grassy or rocky. The scratchy, buzzy vocalizations can only be confused with those of Short-tailed Pipit, which differs from Bush Pipit by having a shorter tail and bill, and by being more heavily streaked on both upperparts and underparts, with streaking reaching the flanks. The Short-tailed Pipit also prefers different habitat: lush grassland in hilly areas and coastal plains.