Raggiana Bird-of-Paradise
Paradisaea raggiana
A large bird of foothill forest and edge. The national bird of PNG. Both sexes have a black chest and yellow eyes. Males have red or orange plumes, depending on the race, which are raised above the back during the display, in which he leans forward and flicks his wings. Overlaps slightly with Greater, Lesser and Emperor birds-of-paradise but Raggiana male has reddish rather than white plumes. Raggiana female is distinguished by its combination of yellow eye and yellow back of the head. Male gives a repeated, nasal squawk, typical of the group.
识别特征
The Raggiana bird-of-paradise is 34 centimetres (13 in) long. Its overall colour is a maroon-brown, with a greyish-blue bill, yellow iris and greyish-brown feet. The male has a yellow crown, dark emerald-green throat and yellow collar between the throat and its blackish upper breast feathers. It is adorned with a pair of long black tail wires and large flank plumes. The male has the long tail feather while the female does not. The female is a comparatively drab maroonish-brown bird. The ornamental flank plumes vary from red to orange in color, depending on subspecies. The nominate subspecies, P. r. raggiana, has the deepest red plumes, while the subspecies P. r. augustavictoriae of northeast New Guinea, also known as the Empress of Germany's bird of paradise, has apricot-orange plumes.
分类信息
- 学名
- Paradisaea raggiana
- 命名信息
- Sclater, PL, 1873
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Paradisaeidae
- 属
- Paradisaea
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Its diet consists mainly of fruits and arthropods. The species is an important seed disperser of some fruiting trees in New Guinea, and is for some species of mahogany and nutmeg the main fruit disperser.<p>The breeding system of the Raggiana bird-of-paradise is polygamy. Males congregate in leks (display arenas for visiting females). Leks can be 30–100 meters in diameter. Within the lek there is a group of tall slender trees on which males compete for prominent perches and defend them from rivals. On these perches males do a display which involves clapping wings and shaking the head. The nest is a bowl-shaped structure composed of leaves and leaf pieces, stems, ferns and other plant fibres. It is lined with horsehair-like material and is situated 2–11 m above the ground on tree branches. The position of the nest may be higher in areas where humans disturb the nest. The female usually lays a clutch of one to two (usually two) pinkish buff eggs. The incubation period has been recorded as 18 days in the wild and 20 days in captivity. As in all polygamous birds-of-paradise, the female alone assumes all incubation duties.
保护状况
Widespread and common throughout the tropical forests of eastern New Guinea, the Raggiana bird-of-paradise is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES. Even though the plumes of this species are heavily cropped by natives for ceremonial headdresses, the practice is not a threat to their long-term survival.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
其他鸟类
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