Yellow-faced Parrot
Alipiopsitta xanthops
A very distinctive mostly green parrot with a yellow face, a yellowish belly, and orange-red thighs. Note the dark upper bill. Tends to prefer drier and more open areas than most other large parrot species in its range, but also found in savannas and dry forests (caatinga). Flight call is repeated screeching “crrreeh.”
识别特征
Measuring about 27 cm (11 in) in length, the yellow-faced parrot has a stocky body and short tail. It is a predominantly green and yellow-plumaged bird that in adults has a yellow crown, lores, cheeks and auriculars. The rest of the head, upperparts and chest are green with some yellowish-green scalloping. The sides of the belly are often mottled orange and yellow, and the belly is often yellow. However, there are significant variations in the amount of yellow to the underparts, and some show virtually none. The wings are predominantly green, occasionally with some yellow spots. There is blue edging on the primary coverts. The central feathers of the short tail are green, while the lateral ones are more yellow-green and have orange-red bases. The bill is yellowish-horn with a dark culmen, the cere is pinkish, and the iris is yellow. The legs are light grey. There is no sexual dimorphism; the male and female are alike in plumage and size. Immatures have less yellow to the head.
分类信息
The German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix first described the species in 1824 as Psittacus xanthops. Its species name is derived from the Ancient Greek xanthos "yellow", and ops "face". For many years, it was placed within the genus Amazona, although Alípio de Miranda Ribeiro proposed the new genus Salvatoria in 1920 due to differences in the bill and plumage. A 1995 study showed its distinctness genetically, followed up by more data which showed it to be much more closely related to the short-tailed parrot (Graydidascalus brachyurus) and to the members of the genus Pionus. Following this discovery, it was briefly placed in the genus Salvatoria again, until this name was found to be pre-occupied by a group of polychaete worms from the superfamily Nereidoidea, thus leading to the transferral of the yellow-faced parrot to the new genus Alipiopsitta.
- 学名
- Alipiopsitta xanthops
- 命名信息
- (Spix, 1824)
- 目
- Psittaciformes
- 科
- Psittacidae
- 属
- Alipiopsitta
分布与栖息地
The majority of its range is in central and eastern Brazil, where found from Maranhão and Piauí to São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul. It inhabits the cerrado on the plateau of Brazil, as well as the dryer Caatinga scrubland. There are two records from Beni in northeastern Bolivia. Despite occasionally being listed for Paraguay, evidence supporting its presence in this country is lacking. Within its range it appears to be semi-nomadic. Much of its habitat is being converted to agricultural land and the populations are declining.
- 迁徙
- Nomadic movement
行为
The yellow-faced parrot forages for and eats the fruit and seeds of trees including Anacardium species, Salacia crassifolia and Astronium fraxinifolium. Flocks have also been recorded raiding crops of mango and unripe guava trees. Termites are another diet item.<p>Until recently, comparatively little was known of its habits. It has been studied in Emas National Park in Brazil. Its breeding season there is May to October. Nests are hollows in termite mounds. The eggs are incubated for 19–22 days, while the young take up to 45 days to leave the nest.<p>Like most species of parrots, the yellow-faced parrot is protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) with its placement on the Appendix II list.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Green-backed Sparrow
Arremonops chloronotus
Retiring, rather bland sparrow of humid tropical lowlands. Favors forest understory and adjacent thickets and tangles. Very similar to Olive Sparrow, which occurs in the same areas but prefers brushy fields rather than forest understory. Green-backed has brighter greenish upperparts and a cleaner gray head with well-defined black stripes, but best told by song. Songs of both species are variable, but Green-backed song typically rather even-paced, unlike accelerating notes of Olive Sparrow. Calls of both species similar.
Striped Prinia
Prinia striata
A rather dull-plumaged songbird of fields, grasslands, forest edges, and farmland, mostly at moderate and high elevations. Often sparsely distributed and difficult to find. Gray-brown above with a pale belly, pale eyebrow, and blackish streaking on head and wings. Typically found singly or in pairs, clambering about in grasses and shrubbery. Often sings from an exposed perch, giving a loud but dry, rolling series of notes, faster than the song of Himalayan Prinia. Visually very similar to Himalayan Prinia, but usually separated by range. In the area of overlap, female and non-breeding male Striped Prinias show stronger streaking on the back and a brighter rufous panel in the wings. Breeding males are distinguished by their paler faces with an obvious eye-stripe.
White-throated Grasswren
Amytornis woodwardi
Distinctive long-tailed, chestnut-and-black bird with a stark white throat, found only in the western Arnhem Plateau of Northern Territory, in areas with large spinifex clumps around large sandstone boulders. Frequent burning of these areas has made this species very hard to find, and it is no longer reliably seen in accessible locations. Forages actively on the ground in pairs or small groups, running away into crevices when alarmed.
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