Golden-collared Toucanet
Selenidera reinwardtii
Attractive stout-billed toucanet of lowland rainforest. Males are black above, brown below, with a yellow patch extending through the eye; females similar but red-brown above. Typically found in mature upland rainforest, but occasionally found around forest edges and in floodplain forest. Listen for its distinctive growling call, a repeated “grruk” guttural grunt.
识别特征
The golden-collared toucanet is 33 to 35 cm (13 to 14 in) long. The nominate subspecies weighs 129 to 178 g (4.6 to 6.3 oz) and S. r. langsdorffii 134 to 200 g (4.7 to 7.1 oz). The two subspecies have essentially the same plumage. Adult males have a black head, nape, and shoulders. A narrow yellow band separates the black shoulders from the green back. Their tail is green with chestnut tips on the central two or three pairs of feathers. Their eye is surrounded by bare blue skin (greener in S. r. langsdorffii) and a golden-yellow tuft of feathers protrudes behind it. They have mostly black underparts with gold-yellow flanks (more orange in S. r. langsdorffii) and red undertail coverts. Adult females replace the male's black with chestnut; their facial tuft and flanks are duller, and the yellow band on the back is narrower. Immatures are duller overall with rusty undertail coverts.<p>The golden-collared toucanet subspecies' bills differ; within each the sexes have the same pattern, but the female's is shorter. The nominate's bill has a vertical black line at the base and a black culmen. Most of the bill is red, with approximately the outer third black. The maxilla has black to ivory "teeth" along the tomium. S. r. langsdorffii's bill has a mostly black maxilla with a green base and a roughly half-and-half green and black mandible. However, the bill is sometimes almost entirely black. The tomial "teeth" are creamy to whitish.
分类信息
The golden-collared toucanet was originally described in the genus Pteroglossus. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society, the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), and the Clements taxonomy recognize two subspecies, the nominate S. r. reinwardtii (Wagler, 1827) and S. r. langsdorffii (Wagler, 1827).<p>Both subspecies have at times been treated as separate species, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) continues to do so. It calls them the "red-billed" and "green-billed" toucanets respectively. The two interbreed where their ranges overlap in Peru.<p>This article follows the IOC et al. two-subspecies model.
- 学名
- Selenidera reinwardtii
- 命名信息
- (Wagler, 1827)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Ramphastidae
- 属
- Selenidera
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of golden-collared toucanet is found from south-central and southeastern Colombia (near the Brazilian border) south through eastern Ecuador into north-central and northeastern Peru. (The map shows only this range.) S. r. langsdorffii is found from north-central and northeastern Peru and western Brazil south into northwestern Bolivia. The species inhabits the interior and edges of montane forest, forest in floodplains, and occasionally várzea. It favors drier uplands and shuns secondary forest. In elevation it most commonly ranges up to about 1,000 m (3,300 ft) but occasionally occurs as high as 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in Ecuador, 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in Peru, and 1,300 m (4,300 ft) in Bolivia.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
As far as is known, the golden-collared toucanet is a year-round resident and territorial throughout its range.<p>The golden-collared toucanet forages singly, in pairs, or in groups of up to four, and from the forest's understory to the canopy. It is known to join mixed-species foraging flocks. Its diet is mostly fruit but also includes insects and possibly small birds. It mostly gleans from foliage and branches but also hawks for flying insects.<p>The golden-collared toucanet breeds between March and July in Colombia and Ecuador and from June to December in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. Males courtship-feed females. It nests in tree cavities. The clutch size is apparently at least three eggs. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.<p>The golden-collared toucanet's song is "a series of ca. 4–14 ggrraawk notes", and is usually sung singly rather than in duet. It also makes "eh, uh, kik, and other softer sounds." In aggressive encounters it loudly wipes its bill on a branch.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Chestnut-belted Gnateater
Conopophaga aurita
Plump, short-tailed bird of Amazonian rainforest. Both sexes have a chestnut breast. Male has a black face and throat and a bright white tuft behind the eye. Female lacks black in her plumage, and instead of a tuft she has a pale line through her face. Female is similar to female Ash-throated Gnateater but has plain, unmarked wings. Birds in central Brazil south of the Amazon are now considered a separate species, Black-breasted Gnateater; male Chestnut-belted has less black extending only to upper breast; female looks almost identical. Usually seen on a low perch in the understory and may resemble a small antpitta. Vocalizations include a rattling, metallic trill and a short, soft “chuff”.
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Leiothlypis celata
Nondescript warbler, generally olive-colored overall, but different populations vary from grayer to brighter yellow. Overall very plain and unmarked, but note short darkish line through eye and thin pale eye arcs. Forages for insects in scrubby areas, woodland edge, and thickets. Namesake orange crown is very difficult to see, and usually only a faint wash at best. More common in western North America, from Alaska to Mexico, where populations are brighter yellow-green. Birds in eastern North America are scarcer and drabber, often with a more contrasting grayish head. Bright yellow undertail coverts help separate Orange-crowned from the similarly drab Tennessee Warbler.
Brown-capped Fantail
Rhipidura diluta
A small brown songbird with a long tail, often raised and fanned to reveal white outer tail feathers. Largely dull brown with a rufous flash in the wing, a white throat, and a dull buff underside. A montane species, found singly or in pairs, often within mixed-species flocks. Distinguished from Arafura Fantail by plain underside, lacking a black chest. Song recalls a toy trumpet, “cher-wer-where,” rising on the last note. Also gives agitated chattering notes, a wet “wit,” and a sharp “pip.”
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