Javan Hawk-Eagle
Nisaetus bartelsi
Medium-sized eagle with short, rounded wings. Adult is dark brown above and white with heavy streaking and barring below. Perched birds show a prominent vertical crest. When in flight, note prominent “fingers”, black-striped white throat, and bold black banding on the flight feathers and tail. Juvenile has a pale tan head and underparts, a shorter crest, and paler black banding on the wings and tail. Pale morph Changeable Hawk-Eagle can be similar, but note present species’ more densely patterned underparts and wings, taller crest, and tan (not white) head in juveniles. Endemic to Java, where it is now largely limited to foothill and montane forests. Soars often, but also frequently perches silently in the canopy. Quiet, but occasionally gives thin yelping screams.
识别特征
The hawk-eagle is approximately 60 cm (24 in) long. Its head and neck are rufous and it is heavily barred black below. This majestic and intricately patterned eagle has a long, black crest on its head; this crest is held almost vertically and is tipped with white. The crown is black, topping a chestnut head and nape. The back and wings are dark brown, fading to a lighter brown tail which has wide cream stripes. The throat is creamy white with a black stripe, running to the whitish breast and underparts, which are heavily barred with chestnut. Juvenile birds are similar in colour, but have plainer underparts and a duller head. The sexes are similar.
分类信息
Because of the plumage variability of Spizaetus eagles, the Javan hawk-eagle was not recognised as a full species until 1953. It was previously placed in Spizaetus. A multi-gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level.
- 学名
- Nisaetus bartelsi
- 命名信息
- (Stresemann, 1924)
- 目
- Accipitriformes
- 科
- Accipitridae
- 属
- Nisaetus
分布与栖息地
An Indonesian endemic, the Javan hawk-eagle occurs in humid tropical forests of Java. Its range in East Java includes Sempu Island, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Meru Betiri National Park and Alas Purwo National Park. It can also be seen in captivity in zoos like Kebun Binatang Bandung
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Javan hawk-eagle is believed to be monogamous. The female usually lays one egg in a nest high on top of a forest tree. The diet consists mainly of birds, lizards, fruit bats and mammals.
保护状况
It is one of the rarest raptors. Due to ongoing habitat loss, small population size, limited range and hunting in some areas, it is evaluated as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.<p>In February 2012, there were only around 325 pairs of Javan hawk-eagles living in the wild, mainly in Malangbong, West Java and some in East Java. In Central Java, Mount Merapi has been deforested by eruptions and Dieng Plateau has been deforested by agriculture. The adaptation of the bird is very difficult due to their preference for Rasamala trees and Javanese rats for their diet. Ideally the population should be 1,450 pairs and without conservation the eagle is predicted to go extinct by 2025.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Little Cormorant
Microcarbo niger
An all black ducklike waterbird with a distinctive flattish head and a bill that is sharply hooked at the tip. Smallest of the cormorants found in the region. Breeding adults have white plumes on the sides of the head. Like all cormorants, frequently seen swimming with its body low in the water, head and neck pointing upward, and suddenly disappearing underwater to catch fish. Often perches upright on a rock, drying itself with outstretched wings. Seen singly or in small groups in inland water bodies. Similar to Indian Cormorant, but note smaller size, stouter bill, and shape of the head, flat on Little Cormorant and rounded on Indian Cormorant.
Yellow-cheeked Lorikeet
Trichoglossus meyeri
Small bright green lorikeet with bright yellow cheeks. Also note olive-yellow crown, yellow-edged “scaling” on the belly, and bright red bill. Well-patterned underparts, bill color, and more pointed tail distinguish this species from racquet-tails, the only other similarly-sized green parrots on Sulawesi; much larger and longer-tailed than hanging-parrots. Flocks in wooded and open areas, gathering at fruiting and flowering trees. Primarily in middle elevations; less common in lowlands. Gives high-pitched shrieking calls. Formerly lumped in with Sula Lorikeet under the name “Yellow-and-green Lorikeet.”
Oriole Cuckooshrike
Lobotos oriolinus
A spectacular cuckooshrike that resembles an oriole, with a yellow-green back, wings and tail, yellow underparts, a dark head and bill, and large fleshy orange wattles under the eyes. The sexes differ slightly: the head of the male is jet black and the female has a less contrasting brownish head. Juvenile is like the female but barred above, with a less distinct head pattern. Rare, found singly or in pairs in the canopy of primary and secondary lowland forest, often near water. Moves stealthily through the canopy, where it joins mixed-species parties; flight call is a thrush-like “tsik.” Differs from forest orioles by having a dark (not red) bill and fleshy wattles under the eyes.
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