Brown-backed Parrotlet

Touit melanonotus

Small parrot with a short, squared tail that has red outer tail feathers with a black band across the tips. Mostly green with a brown patch on the back and pale gray flanks. Note the orange eyering. Inhabits the canopy of humid forests including on lower montane slopes. Golden-tailed Parrotlet, which is more of a lowland species lacks the eyering, has more of an orangey face, and has a less sharp call than Brown-backed Parrotlet.

分类信息

学名
Touit melanonotus
命名信息
(Wied-Neuwied, M, 1820)
Psittaciformes
Psittacidae
Touit

分布与栖息地

迁徙
Resident species

行为

It is mostly known from lower montane evergreen forest at 500–1,200 metres (1,600–3,900 ft), but also up to 1,400 m (4,600 ft) in the Itatiaia National Park. In addition it is found in near sea-level in Bahia and São Paulo. Seasonal migration or dispersal is suspected, though this may amount to little more than short altitudinal movements. Food items are poorly studied but include large leguminous seeds, fruit of Rapanea acuminata, Clusia sp. and mistletoes. Observed feeding on Clusia criuva where presumed adults pluck the fruit from the tree snipping the stalk with their bills and carry the fruit to a more secure location on a firmer branch where they open the fruitwith their bill wedging it against the branch prising the seeds out with their tongue; they do not use their feet at any time in the feeding process as some other psittacids do. Some individuals that were presumed to be young birds were seen to eat the fruits in situ and did not pluck them. Breeding is suspected to occur from September to October. Well grown young birds were observed being fed by adults in Ubatuba, São Paulo state, January 2010. Young birds can be differentiated by their paler orbital ring and their cere being flesh coloured as opposed to dark grey in adults.

保护状况

种群趋势
declining

照片

分布

鸟叫声

其他鸟类

Yellow-throated Warbler

Yellow-throated Warbler

Setophaga dominica

A slender, long-billed warbler with distinctive pattern. Look for yellow throat, black mask, and black streaks on sides. All plumages are very similar; females and immatures often show a light buffy wash on the sides. Forages like a nuthatch, often creeping along branches and hanging upside-down. Fairly common breeder in mature forests with large sycamores or pines. Winters from the southeastern U.S. to Central America and the Caribbean, often in palm trees. Listen for sweet descending song with sharper notes at the end.

Yellow-footed Honeyguide

Yellow-footed Honeyguide

Melignomon eisentrauti

Medium-sized honeyguide with a plain face, a slim pale bill, yellow legs, and large white patches in the outer tail. Found in the middle levels and canopy of humid forest at low and middle elevations. The distinctive vocalization is a series of around a dozen rising “sveeya” notes. The series slows down and becomes slightly lower-pitched at the end. Very similar to Zenker’s Honeyguide, but there is only minor overlap in range, and Yellow-footed is paler overall with more white in the tail. Similar to other honeyguides, but separated by the slim bill and the yellow legs. Separated from most greenbuls by the white in the tail, and from Honeyguide and Sjöstedt's Greenbuls by the smaller size and shorter tail. 

Steller's Jay

Steller's Jay

Cyanocitta stelleri

Black-and-blue with a crest. Widespread in western North America, from Alaska to Nicaragua. Shows marked variation across range: coastal populations are the darkest, with no pale markings around the eye. Central American birds have shorter crest, limited black on the face, and very bold white markings around the eye. Occurs in coniferous forests, usually in small groups. Regularly visits feeders, campgrounds, and picnic areas. Loud and conspicuous; listen for harsh calls.

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