Yellow-breasted Bunting
Emberiza aureola
Large bunting of agricultural fields, meadows, and wetlands; formerly gathered in immense congregations in winter but now rare due to trapping. Breeding male stunning, with a black face, deep chestnut-brown crown, nape, wings, and back, white wingbars, and bright yellow underparts with chestnut breast band. Nonbreeding male is a faded version of this plumage. Female streaky brown above, yellowish with streaks below, with facial pattern reminiscent of Yellow-browed Bunting, but much larger, with a strong yellow wash to the undersides.
识别特征
The yellow-breasted bunting is a small passerine, ranging from 14 to 16 cm (5.5 to 6.3 in) in length, and weighing 17 to 26 g (0.6 to 0.9 oz). For a bunting, it is large and rather stocky.<p>The breeding male has bright white underparts with black flank streaks, brown upperparts, black face and throat bar, and a pink lower mandible. The female has a heavily streaked grey-brown back, and less intensely yellow underparts. She has a whitish face with dark crown, eye and cheek stripes. The juvenile is similar, but the background colour of the underparts and face is buff.[citation needed]
分类信息
- 学名
- Emberiza aureola
- 命名信息
- Pallas, 1773
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Emberizidae
- 属
- Emberiza
分布与栖息地
Emberiza aureola aureola breeds in boreal forests of Finland to Bering Sea migrating to Indochina. Emberiza aureola ornata breeds from the Amur River to Manchuria, N Korea, Kamchatka and Kuril Islands. It is migratory, wintering in south-east Asia, India, and North Korea. It is a rare but regular wanderer to western Europe. There are also ~4 records from the Aleutian Islands of Alaska and a 2017 record from Labrador, Canada. The species winters in large flocks in cultivated areas, rice fields and grasslands, preferring to roost in rice-fields.
- 繁殖区
- PAL : subarctic to n temperate Palearctic bushy areas: Murmansk (far nw Russia; formerly e Finland) e to s Chukotka, Kamchatka, Kuril and Commander is., Sakhalin (e Russia); in s to far n Kazakhstan, far n Xinjiang (nw China), n, c Mongolia, n Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang (ne China) and far n Hokkaido (n Japan)
- 非繁殖区
- subtropical e Asian fields: sub-Himalayan zone from c Nepal e through se Asia (except s Malay Pen.) and se China
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
保护状况
Populations have declined precipitously since the early 2000s, and the species is now considered to be critically endangered. The decline of the yellow-breasted bunting is likely to be caused by substantial trapping during migration and most specifically at winter sites. Birds are flushed then caught in mist-nets, to be sold for consumption as "sparrows" or "rice birds". Even though the actions have been restricted to a small area in southern China, it has become more widespread and popular to increasing wealth, and hunters now travel long distances to find sufficient birds.
- 种群趋势
- declining
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