Rufous-chested Dotterel
Zonibyx modestus
A handsome, distinctive, and medium-sized plover that breeds on southern moorland and steppe, and migrates north to winter on beaches and coastal flats. Found mainly in pairs and small loose groups in summer, but migrant and winter flocks can be a few hundred birds. Adult is distinctive, with bold white eyebrow, and plain brown upperparts. Breeding birds have a bright rusty breast above a broad black band. Nonbreeding birds are duller with a muted breast pattern. Juvenile has buffy eyebrow and fine pale spangling above, but looks like adult by mid-winter.
识别特征
The rufous-chested dotterel is 19 to 22 cm (7.5 to 8.7 in) long and weighs 71 to 94 g (2.5 to 3.3 oz). Adult males in breeding plumage have a gray face with a bright white supercilium, a gray throat, and a brown crown. Their breast is bright rufous with a black band below it; the rest of the underparts are white and the upperparts brown. Adult females are similar but duller. Non-breeding adults replace the rufous and gray with pale brown; their upperparts feathers have bright fringes and their supercilium is creamy. Juveniles resemble the non-breeding adult but have darker brown upperparts and breast.
分类信息
The rufous-chested dotterel is placed by itself in genus Zonibyx by several authors and International Ornithologists' Union, but that treatment had not been widely accepted before 2023. There is some 21st century evidence that it does not belong in Charadrius. The rufous-chested dotterel is monotypic.
- 学名
- Zonibyx modestus
- 命名信息
- (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823)
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Charadriidae
- 属
- Zonibyx
分布与栖息地
The rufous-chested dotterel is found on the Falkland Islands and coastally to somewhat inland in Argentina, Uruguay, extreme southeastern Brazil, and Chile. It has also been recorded as a vagrant in Paraguay and Peru. In the breeding season it primarily inhabits short grasslands away from the coast but also boggy or stony areas around inland lakes and coastal shingle. Outside the breeding season it inhabits inland eroded and flooded grasslands, marshes, and streams, and also coastal mudflats, beaches, and rocky shores.
- 繁殖区
- SA : inland sc Chile, s Argentina and Falkland Is.
- 非繁殖区
- to coastal s Peru and se Brazil
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
The rufous-chested dotterel breeds in far southern Chile and Argentina and on the Falkland Islands. A few remain in those areas year-round but most migrate north as far as northern Chile and extreme southern Brazil. A few occasionally move further to Peru and Paraguay. Adults begin their migration as soon as the young are independent.<p>The rufous-chested dotterel forages in grasslands and along the edge of ponds, waterways, and the sea. During the breeding season it often defends small feeding territories and outside it often forages in flocks of 30 or more. Its diet is mostly small invertebrates including adult and larval insects and molluscs, and also includes some plant material such as algae.<p>The rufous-chested dotterel's egg season is mostly October and November, and includes September on the Falkland Islands. Its nest is a depression in the ground, often in the open. The clutch size is usually two eggs but sometimes three; both parents incubate. The incubation period and time to fledging are not known.<p>The rufous-chested dotterel's breeding season flight display includes "a long series of short staccato notes often followed by a burry drawn-out croak, 'pic..pic..pic..pic..pic..grrrrrrahr'." Its flight call is "a wheezy whistle 'wheeerr'".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Northern Slaty Brushfinch
Atlapetes schistaceus
Mostly gray brushfinch found from Venezuela to Ecuador. Bold head pattern with rufous crown, white throat, and black mustache stripe. Note also small white patch at base of primaries. A high elevation species, occurring in scrubby habitats from around 2,500-3,400m. Pairs usually forage at lower levels, sometimes accompanying a mixed-species flock. Relatively simple song usually heard only at dawn. More often heard is the complex descending chatter given as two birds approach each other.
Rufous Songlark
Cincloramphus mathewsi
Plain brownish songbird with faint pale eyebrow and rust-colored rump. Similar female White-winged Triller has white-edged wing panel. Brown Songlark larger, with longer legs and bill and more strongly patterned upperparts. Found across much of Australia, less so in the southeast, in treeless open habitats. Spectacular song includes long sequences of trills and loud electrical phrases, very unlike Brown Songlark.
Barred Puffbird
Nystalus radiatus
An unobtrusive bird with an oversized head and bill. Look for tiger-striped pattern—warm cinnamon-brown overall with uneven black barring. Also note slightly darker cap and staring pale eye. Uncommon; found around forest edge and secondary woodland in the lowlands from Panama to western Ecuador. Perches still for long periods of time, often on an exposed perch. Frequently detected by distinctive wolf-whistling calls.
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