Strong-billed Honeyeater
Melithreptus validirostris
Medium-sized honeyeater with short, thick bill. Has a black cap with a white band extending behind the eye. Also has a white band extending from base of bill to back of the neck. Back is olive green and underparts gray. Legs bright yellow. Bill is black in adults, whereas juveniles have a bright yellow bill. Typically habits mature, wet forests; may move to drier habitats when temperatures are low. Endemic to Tasmania and surrounding islands.
识别特征
A mid-sized honeyeater at 16.5–17.5 cm (6.5–7 in) in length, it is olive-brown above and pale grey-brown below, with a black head, nape and throat, a pale blue to off-white patch over the eye, and a white crescent on the nape. Juveniles have brownish crowns, lemon-tinged nape, and an orange base of bill. Its call is a loud cheep cheep, or a churring.
分类信息
The strong-billed honeyeater was first described by ornithologist John Gould in 1837. Its specific name is derived from the Latin words validus 'strong', and rostrum 'bill'. It is a member of the genus Melithreptus, with several species of similar size and (apart from the brown-headed honeyeater) black-headed appearance, in the honeyeater family, Meliphagidae. Molecular markers show that the strong-billed honeyeater separated from the common ancestor of the brown-headed and black-chinned honeyeaters between 6.7 and 3.4 million years ago.<p>The next closest relative outside the genus is the much larger, but similarly marked, blue-faced honeyeater. More recently, DNA analysis has shown honeyeaters to be related to the Pardalotidae (pardalotes), Acanthizidae (Australian warblers, scrubwrens, thornbills, etc.), and the Maluridae (Australian fairy-wrens) in the large superfamily Meliphagoidea.
- 学名
- Melithreptus validirostris
- 命名信息
- (Gould, 1837)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Meliphagidae
- 属
- Melithreptus
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The strong-billed honeyeater is found in mature forest with large trees, such as Eucalyptus regnans and E. delegatensis. Its diet is principally insects and various other invertebrates, which it hunts on tree trunks, supplemented by nectar and fallen fruit. Although both species are widespread in Tasmania, the Strong-billed rarely overlaps in site and foraging with the black-headed honeyeater.<p>Strong-billed honeyeaters may nest from September to January, breeding once or twice during this time. The nest is a thick-walled bowl of grasses and bits of bark in the fork of a tall tree, usually a eucalypt. Two or three eggs are laid, 22 x 17 mm in size, and shiny, buff-pink, sparsely spotted with red-brown.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Duetting Giant-Honeyeater
Gymnomyza brunneirostris
A very large, robust honeyeater. Entirely drab grayish-olive with an olive cast to the wings and tail and a conical dark bill. Small yellow moustache wattle usually visible. Dependent on primary mature forest, mostly in the lowlands, but less commonly above 600 meters of elevation. Similar to Western Wattled-Honeyeater but much larger and overall more yellow, lacking a dark blackish moustache, with a more pendulous yellow wattle. Most common call is a very, very loud, ringing, far-carrying “kee-yow,” often repeated for minutes at a time.
Mekong Wagtail
Motacilla samveasnae
Large black-and-white wagtail with an intricately and uniquely striped head pattern. Wings and outer tail feathers flash brightly in flight. Adult male is black-backed, while the female and immature have a duller gray-brown back. Simple song is a compilation of a few high phrases of whistles and twitters. Call is harsh and buzzy. Found only around flowing lowland rivers with braided rocky sections, specifically a unique composite of gravel and sand bars with low vegetation and boulders.
Red-tailed Amazon
Amazona brasiliensis
Large parrot restricted to coastal forests and mangroves of southeast Brazil. Mainly green with a red forehead and purplish cheeks and throat. The tail is yellow tipped with a narrow red band. May be confused with Red-browed Parrot, especially in flight, but lacks that species’ red wing patches.
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