Strong-billed Honeyeater
Melithreptus validirostris
Medium-sized honeyeater with short, thick bill. Has a black cap with a white band extending behind the eye. Also has a white band extending from base of bill to back of the neck. Back is olive green and underparts gray. Legs bright yellow. Bill is black in adults, whereas juveniles have a bright yellow bill. Typically habits mature, wet forests; may move to drier habitats when temperatures are low. Endemic to Tasmania and surrounding islands.
识别特征
A mid-sized honeyeater at 16.5–17.5 cm (6.5–7 in) in length, it is olive-brown above and pale grey-brown below, with a black head, nape and throat, a pale blue to off-white patch over the eye, and a white crescent on the nape. Juveniles have brownish crowns, lemon-tinged nape, and an orange base of bill. Its call is a loud cheep cheep, or a churring.
分类信息
The strong-billed honeyeater was first described by ornithologist John Gould in 1837. Its specific name is derived from the Latin words validus 'strong', and rostrum 'bill'. It is a member of the genus Melithreptus, with several species of similar size and (apart from the brown-headed honeyeater) black-headed appearance, in the honeyeater family, Meliphagidae. Molecular markers show that the strong-billed honeyeater separated from the common ancestor of the brown-headed and black-chinned honeyeaters between 6.7 and 3.4 million years ago.<p>The next closest relative outside the genus is the much larger, but similarly marked, blue-faced honeyeater. More recently, DNA analysis has shown honeyeaters to be related to the Pardalotidae (pardalotes), Acanthizidae (Australian warblers, scrubwrens, thornbills, etc.), and the Maluridae (Australian fairy-wrens) in the large superfamily Meliphagoidea.
- 学名
- Melithreptus validirostris
- 命名信息
- (Gould, 1837)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Meliphagidae
- 属
- Melithreptus
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The strong-billed honeyeater is found in mature forest with large trees, such as Eucalyptus regnans and E. delegatensis. Its diet is principally insects and various other invertebrates, which it hunts on tree trunks, supplemented by nectar and fallen fruit. Although both species are widespread in Tasmania, the Strong-billed rarely overlaps in site and foraging with the black-headed honeyeater.<p>Strong-billed honeyeaters may nest from September to January, breeding once or twice during this time. The nest is a thick-walled bowl of grasses and bits of bark in the fork of a tall tree, usually a eucalypt. Two or three eggs are laid, 22 x 17 mm in size, and shiny, buff-pink, sparsely spotted with red-brown.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Golden-billed Saltator
Saltator aurantiirostris
Scarce and local in the Andean foothills of extreme northern Chile, but widespread in much of southern South America. Favors brushy hedgerows and scrubby thickets, usually in villages and around agricultural terraces. Sexes look similar and bold face pattern is distinctive, in combination with big orange bill. Juvenile has a dusky bill and duller face pattern, but soon attains adult appearance. Loud bright song can draw attention, but often sings from a concealed perch.
Double-crested Cormorant
Nannopterum auritum
Dark body with orange bare skin at the base of the bill. Breeding adults are all black. Immatures and nonbreeders have paler breast. Dives underwater to catch fish. Swims like a duck in between dives. Finds open perches to spread wings and dry feathers. Can be in large flocks or solo. Most widespread cormorant across U.S. and Canada; also most likely to be seen inland.
Black-thighed Grosbeak
Pheucticus tibialis
Large-billed bird with yellow head, body, and black back and wings. Look for massive triangular bill and obvious white patch on wing. Sexes similar. Found in open wooded areas like forest edges, second growth, and gardens. Usually seen singly or in pairs.
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