Long-wattled Umbrellabird
Cephalopterus penduliger
Spectacular crow-like bird with a bushy crest. Male has a thick feathered wattle dangling from his throat that can be extended to an astonishing length while displaying. It inhabits tall, lush, and undisturbed rainforest in western Ecuador and western Colombia. Quite scarce, and usually encountered at fruiting trees or at known display sites, where several males may congregate, extending their wattles and giving very low-pitched, airy hoots.
识别特征
The male is 40–42 cm in height, with the female being slightly smaller at 35–37 cm. Both sexes are short-tailed and carry an erectile head crest; those of the males are slightly longer at 20–30 cm. The male is distinguished by a large throat wattle of feathers, while females and juveniles have no or a much smaller wattle. The length of the wattle can be controlled, and it can be retracted in flight. The male generally has black colored shafts in its feathers.<p>The long-wattled umbrellabird's specific name penduliger derives from Latin pendulus, hanging, and refers to the wattle.
分类信息
- 学名
- Cephalopterus penduliger
- 命名信息
- Sclater, PL, 1859
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Cotingidae
- 属
- Cephalopterus
分布与栖息地
The species shows a high level of endemism and is found from the southwestern part of Colombia to the province of El Oro in Ecuador, in the bioregion of Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena. It inhabits humid montane forests at 1,500-1,800 m above sea level on the ridges and sides of the Andes range.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The species is mostly frugivorous, and feeds on large fruit. The fruits of the Arecaceae, Lauraceae, and Myrtaceae are preferred. Invertebrates and small vertebrates are also taken.<p>The long-wattled umbrellabird engages in lek mating, where the males congregate in common areas (leks) for display, which are visited by the solitary females. Females select a male with prominent secondary traits such as aggression and territorial behavior. Nests are built in trees or treeferns, and have been recorded at heights of 4.5–5.0 m above ground.<p>Clutch sizes in the genus Cephalopterus are generally low; only one egg is laid per nesting attempt. Incubation lasts 27 or 28 days. Only the female incubates and cares for the nestling. She provides food for the nestling on average once per hour and includes invertebrates, vertebrates, and regurgitated material.
保护状况
The species has been classified as vulnerable by the IUCN. A total population of 6,000-15,000 mature individuals was estimated in 2012. It is thought to be under pressure from habitat destruction through deforestation and from hunting. The easy-to-locate lek mating areas make it particularly susceptible to trapping.<p>The long-wattled umbrellabird is present in several protected areas. The consolidation of existing scattered reserves, as well as the nomination of several existing protected areas as biosphere reserves, could be very beneficial for the species. The curating of forest composition and reforestation have been pointed out as important approaches.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Moluccan Eclectus
Eclectus roratus
Robust, big-headed, and rather short-tailed parrot endemic to the Moluccas, where it inhabits lowland and foothill forests. Male bright green with red underwings and orange bill, female bright red with violet belly and dark bill. Usually seen flying above forests at first light, squawking loudly. Calls include an ear-shattering, high-pitched squawk, as well as a lower, crow-like caw. Formerly grouped with other closely related species under “Eclectus Parrot.”
Rusty-bellied Shortwing
Brachypteryx hyperythra
A very small, dark bird of dark undergrowth in evergreen forests. The male has gray-blue upperparts, bright orange underparts, and a short white eyebrow. The female is grayish-brown above, with duller orangish underparts. Very shy and inconspicuous. The jingling song consists of high-pitched, bell-like, tinkling notes that accelerate rapidly towards the end.
Blue-winged Pitta
Pitta moluccensis
A beautiful, rainbow-colored inhabitant of tropical forests; often bolder than other pittas and occasionally seen in city parks, especially while on migration. Stunning, with green back, blue wings, orange belly, and black mask. Solitary outside of the breeding season; usually seen hopping around in leaf litter and turning over debris in search of invertebrates. Listen for its bouncy song, a series of loud “weuh-wheew!” phrases.
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。