Light-crowned Spinetail
Cranioleuca albiceps
Distinctive spinetail found mainly in the Bolivian Andes, but it also reaches over the border into southern Peru. It has a chestnut back and tail, gray underparts, and a black eyebrow. Crown is tawny in central Bolivia, and white in western Bolivia and southern Peru; this race is similar to the white-capped race of Marcapata Spinetail, but note their different ranges. Inhabits high-elevation forest, especially where there is abundant bamboo. Gives sharp chips either in a descending burst or in a longer, more frenetic series.
识别特征
The light-crowned spinetail is 14 to 15 cm (5.5 to 5.9 in) long and weighs 13 to 17 g (0.46 to 0.60 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a dark gray-brown supercilium with a black line above it and some blackish around the eye on an otherwise dark grayish brown face. Their forehead is ocraceous buff and their crown white to buffy or tawny. Their hindneck and sides of the neck have a dark brownish "collar". Their back is reddish chestnut that becomes duller and browner on the rump and uppertail coverts. Their tail is reddish chestnut; the feathers are pointed and their ends lack barbs giving a spiny appearance. Their wings are reddish chestnut with dark fuscous tips on the flight feathers. Their throat is grayish white and their breast and belly olivaceous brownish. Their iris is dark red to reddish brown, their maxilla blackish, their mandible silvery horn to bluish gray (sometimes with a dark tip), and their legs and feet greenish gray to dull olive-green. Subspecies C. a. discolor has an ochraceous to deep buff crown and a grayer throat and breast than the nominate.
分类信息
The light-crowned spinetail, the Marcapata spinetail (C. marcapatae), and the Vilcabamba spinetail (C. weskei) are sister species. The light-crowned spinetail has two subspecies, the nominate C. a. albiceps (D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) and C. a. discolor (Zimmer, JT, 1935).
- 学名
- Cranioleuca albiceps
- 命名信息
- (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Cranioleuca
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of the light-crowned spinetail is found in the Andes of the Department of Puno in far southern Peru and in northern Bolivia's La Paz and Cochabamba departments. C. a. discolor is found in the Andes of central Bolivia from Cochabamba into western Santa Cruz Department. The species inhabits montane evergreen forest where it favors areas with Chusquea bamboo. In elevation it ranges from 2,200 to 3,400 m (7,200 to 11,200 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The light-crowned spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The light-crowned spinetail feeds on arthropods. It typically forages in pairs as members of a mixed-species feeding flock. It mostly forages in the forest's mid-storey and edges. It gleans its prey acrobatically from bark and live and dead leaves while hitching along branches and sometimes trunks.<p>The light-crowned spinetail is thought to be monogamous. Its nest is an oval mass of moss with a side entrance wrapped around a Chusquea bamboo branch. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The light-crowned spinetail's song is "a descending series of 6-10 evenly spaced notes" and its call "a long, excited trill".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Acrocephalus palustris
Medium-sized brown warbler, very similar to Eurasian Reed-Warbler. Best differentiated by the song, which is delightful, distinctive, loud, and full of mimicry of European and African birds. The call is a nasal, short "chek" or "tret." Longer wings than Eurasian Reed-Warbler, with distinctive pale tips to wing feathers. Bill rather short; legs pale and less warm-toned than Eurasian Reed-Warbler. Breeds in thick herbaceous vegetation in marshy areas and along ditches, not usually in the middle of wet reed beds. Can be found in drier habitats during the non-breeding season.
Tropical Boubou
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Robust black-and-white bushshrike. There is a pale cinnamon wash on the belly and a white stripe across the top of the wing. Found in dense microhabitats within forest, woodland, thickets, and gardens. Not particularly shy, but spends most of its time in dense cover, usually in pairs. Highly vocal bird with a variety of calls. The song is a synchronized duet of hollow hoots from the male and ratcheting calls from the female. Has a very similar color pattern to other boubous, but its underparts are paler than those of Southern Boubou and darker than those of Swamp Boubou. Has a white stripe on the wing, unlike Zanzibar Boubou.
Purple-throated Euphonia
Euphonia chlorotica
Tiny bird with a strong bill and short tail. Males are glossy blue-black on the head, back, and throat with a bright yellow forehead and belly, and a white undertail. Females are olive-green above with either a yellowish or white belly flanked by yellow depending on region. Found commonly in a variety of habitats from humid forests to mangroves and from agricultural areas to gardens. Often accompanies mixed-species flocks. The most frequently heard vocalization is the “teee-deee” call.
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