Scaled Woodcreeper
Lepidocolaptes squamatus
Fairly small woodcreeper with a short, slightly curved pale pinkish bill. Found in a variety of habitats including humid forests, woodlands, and dry forests as well as semi-desert areas. Uniformly rufous upperparts contrast with a bold white eyebrow, white throat, and scaly underparts. Occasionally follows mixed-species flocks. Similar to Scalloped Woodcreeper, which has a darker crown and a more rufous tail.
识别特征
The scaled woodcreeper is 19 to 20 cm (7.5 to 7.9 in) long and weighs about 27 g (0.95 oz). It is a medium-sized woodcreeper with a slim, somewhat decurved bill. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a dusky face with whitish streaks and a whitish supercilium that is often broken. Their crown is dark brown lightly spotted with buff. Their back is bright reddish brown and their rump, wings, and tail cinnamon-rufous. Their throat is whitish. Their breast and belly are dusky brown with bold, black-edged, whitish streaks. Their iris is reddish brown to brown and their legs and feet olive-gray to blackish. Their bill is horn-colored to pinkish with a darker maxilla. Subspecies L. s. wagleri is slightly smaller than the nominate, with brighter cinnamon-rufous upperparts, less contrast between crown and back, and more brownish underparts with dimmer dark edges to the streaks.
分类信息
The scaled woodcreeper and what is now the scalloped woodcreeper (L. falcinellus) were previously considered conspecific and are now treated as sister species. Worldwide taxonomic systems assign the scaled woodcreeper two subspecies, the nominate L. s. squamatus (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1822) and L. s. wagleri (Spix, 1824). At least one author treats these subspecies as individual species. However, the genetic distance between them is small, suggesting that the two subspecies would be better if merged to create a monotypic species.
- 学名
- Lepidocolaptes squamatus
- 命名信息
- (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1822)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Lepidocolaptes
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of the scaled woodcreeper is found in eastern and southeastern Brazil. It occurs south and east of the Rio São Francisco from central Bahia south to northern São Paulo. Subspecies L. s. wagleri is found in northeastern Brazil north of the Rio São Francisco in southern Piauí, western Bahia, and northern Minas Gerais.<p>The scaled woodcreeper's two subspecies inhabit different landscapes. The nominate L. s. squamatus inhabits humid Atlantic Forest, especially montane evergreen forest and low elevation rainforest but also gallery forest at the western edge of its range. Subspecies L. s. wagleri inhabits drier landscapes including semi-deciduous and deciduous woodlands, caatinga, and gallery forest. Both subspecies occur at the edges and interior of primary forest and older secondary forest. In elevation the species ranges mostly from sea level to 1,600 m (5,200 ft) but is found occasionally as high as 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The scaled woodcreeper is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The scaled woodcreeper's diet is not known in detail but appears to be mostly arthropods. It usually forages singly, occasionally in pairs, and often joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It hitches up trunks and along slim branches, mostly from the forest's mid-level to the canopy but sometimes lower.<p>The scaled woodcreeper's breeding season has not been defined but includes October. It has been observed nesting in natural cavities and in cavities in buildings. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The song of the scaled woodcreeper's nominate subspecies is a "series of sharp, connected 'pi' notes, slightly rising and slowing down and sharply falling off at [the] end". Its call is "péeir". The song and call of L. s. wagleri are not well known but appear to be similar to those of the nominate.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Mountain Trogon
Trogon mexicanus
Fairly large trogon of pine and pine-oak forests in highlands; usually at upper levels in trees and often rather shy. Male is striking, with big, bold white squares on underside of tail. Female has broken white eyering on brown head and coarse black-and-white pattern under the tail. Elegant Trogon overlaps in range and can be told from Mountain by the coppery color on the top of the tail (male) or by the white stripe behind the eye (female). Also note the finely patterned tail on both male and female Elegant Trogons. The similar but smaller Collared Trogon is found mainly at lower elevation and has much finer barring on the underside of the tail.
Böhm's Bee-eater
Merops boehmi
Slim green bee-eater with an orange throat and crown, a black tip to the tail, and elongated black tail streamers. Found very locally in moist woodland and forest edge, usually near rivers and streams. Typically in pairs or small groups. The call is an up-and-down series of high-pitched whistles. Somewhat similar to Madagascar Bee-eater, but smaller and slimmer, and without broad white stripes on the face.
White-cheeked Cotinga
Zaratornis stresemanni
Rare cotinga found only in high-elevation woodland in the western Andes of Peru. It is heavily streaked with brown and buff and has a white face and black cap. Feeds mainly on mistletoe berries; may rest on exposed branch for long periods of time when not feeding. Typical song is a series of sharp rasps that speeds up and then slows down again.
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