Parkinson's Petrel
Procellaria parkinsoni
A medium-sized, all-black petrel with a dark-tipped yellowish bill. Breeds only on Great Barrier and Little Barrier Islands in New Zealand. Seen around Hauraki Gulf and pelagic waters near shelf break edges and seamounts around northern New Zealand. Migrates to coastal South America during nonbreeding period. Similar to White-chinned Petrel and Westland Petrel, but is smaller, with a darker-tipped, less robust bill; lacks the small white patch under the chin; and is found in northern New Zealand waters as opposed to the Cook Strait and the South Island. Overlaps in range with Flesh-footed Shearwater, which is smaller, has pink-colored legs, and shows a pinkish bill with a black tip.
识别特征
The plumage of the black petrel is all black, as are its legs and bill except for pale sections on the bill. It is a medium-sized petrel: males average about 720 g (25 oz), females around 680 g (24 oz). It has an overall length of 46 cm (18 in) and a wingspan averaging 115 cm (45 in).
分类信息
The black petrel was formally described in 1862 by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in a list of birds from New Zealand. He coined the binomial name Procellaria parkinsoni. The genus name is from the Latin procella meaning "storm" or "gale". The specific epithet parkinsoni was chosen to honour the artist and collector Sydney Parkinson. The species is considered to be monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
- 学名
- Procellaria parkinsoni
- 命名信息
- Gray, GR, 1862
- 目
- Procellariiformes
- 科
- Procellariidae
- 属
- Procellaria
分布与栖息地
It is endemic to New Zealand. It was previously found throughout the North Island and Northwest Nelson in the South Island, but predators (feral cats, pigs) caused their extinction on the mainland from about the 1950s. It is often seen in the outer Hauraki Gulf from October to May. Breeding is now restricted to the main colony on Great Barrier Island (c. 5000 birds over summer, including approximately 1300 breeding pairs and 1000 "pre-breeders" seeking mates) and a small colony of c. 250 birds on Little Barrier Island.<p>In addition to breeding birds, there are likely to be a further 6000 juveniles, pre-breeders and non-breeding birds at sea. Black petrels may range from the east coast of Australia all the way to the coast of South America between Mexico and Peru and the Galapagos islands. Females and males forage separately and in different places – it is not known why. Birds forage much closer to the Hauraki Gulf over the summer and autumn while incubating an egg and raising a chick – mainly in the Tasman Sea and to the north-east of New Zealand.
- 繁殖区
- PO : Great and Little Barrier is. (off ne North I., New Zealand)
- 非繁殖区
- to se offshore Australian waters and ec Pacific off Mexico to Ecuador
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Migration pattern: Complete migrants.
保护状况
Population trend: stable.
- 种群趋势
- stable
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分布
鸟叫声
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