Snares Snipe
Coenocorypha huegeli
A small, stocky wader endemic to New Zealand. Dark brown and black, with barred feathers on the belly. Native to on the Snares Islands, but introduced to Putauhina and Codfish Islands. Found in areas with dense vegetation cover, but will move into less covered areas at night to feed. Rarely flies. Male call is a “chup chup chup” sometimes building to a “queeyoo queeyoo queeyoo.”
识别特征
The snipe is a small, chunky, and cryptically patterned wader with bars, stripes, and spots in shades of brown ranging from buffy-white to nearly black. It has longitudinal stripes on the face and crown. The bird possesses a long bill, short neck, and tail. Its outer tail feathers are narrow and stiffened, which is a modification enabling the distinctive roaring sound of the nocturnal “hakawai” aerial display.<p>The snipe's sexes exhibit similar appearances, with females being slightly larger than males, weighing about 116 g compared to males' 101 g. The bill length of females is around 57 mm, while males have a length of 55 mm. Females have olive-colored legs instead of yellow, and their primary coverts have mottling on the inner edges, unlike males who lack such markings. Males also possess more strongly contrasting dorsal markings. Juveniles display duller coloration. While no single characteristic allows for definitive sexing of snipes, researchers on the Snares have identified that a combination of traits enables the assignment of birds to age and sex classes. Walter Oliver, in his book "New Zealand Birds" (1955), states, "The Snares Island snipe is distinguished by the under surface being barred all over which is not the case with any other subspecies. The general color also is more reddish than in the others."
分类信息
The Snares Island snipe is one of a group of birds of sometimes disputed relationships in the genus Coenocorypha. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the Subantarctic snipe (Coenocorypha aucklandica), but has since been elevated to a full species.<p>The taxon was first described by the Reverend Henry Baker Tristram as Gallinago huegeli, with the specific epithet honouring British and Austrian naturalist Anatole von Hügel who collected it. The Māori name, “tutukiwi”, which may be applied to other Coenocorypha snipes as well, alludes to the bird's fancied resemblance in appearance and behaviour to a miniature kiwi.
- 学名
- Coenocorypha huegeli
- 命名信息
- (Tristram, 1893)
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Scolopacidae
- 属
- Coenocorypha
分布与栖息地
The snipe is endemic to the Snares Islands, a small subantarctic island group, with a total surface area of 3.5 km 2, some 200 km south of New Zealand in the Southern Ocean. There it breeds on North East and Broughton Islands, and has been recorded on Alert Stack. The species has also been introduced to Putauhinu Island. Its favoured habitat is the moist floor beneath Olearia and Brachyglottis forest, with a ground layer of grass tussocks, sedges, mat-forming herbs and Polystichum vestitum shield ferns.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: stable.
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Vinous-breasted Sparrowhawk
Tachyspiza rhodogaster
A small hawk with yellow eyes, a lime-green bill base, and yellow legs. Adults are slate-gray above with a vinous breast and dirty white belly and thighs. Immatures are rufous above with diagnostic bold blackish spots and bars and heavily streaked pale underparts. Does not soar. Found primarily in forest from coast to mountains, but also in mangroves and woodlands. Confined to Sulawesi and nearby islands, including the Banggai and Sula Islands. Adult mostly inseparable from Small Sparrowhawk except by call, but largest female Vinous-breasted are longer-bodied, larger-billed, longer-tailed, and longer-toed than largest Small Sparrowhawk. Pale eyes separate Vinous-breasted from Spot-tailed Goshawk and from adult Chinese and Japanese Sparrowhawks. Absence of white tail spots further distinguishes it from Spot-tailed Goshawk, and unbarred thighs separate it from adult Japanese Sparrowhawk. Heavily marked underwings further differentiate it from Chinese Sparrowhawk. Call is a “kew-kew-ke-ke-ke-ke, lower-pitched than Small Sparrowhawk.
Olive-sided Flycatcher
Contopus cooperi
Stocky flycatcher that almost always perches conspicuously on a high bare perch with an upright posture. From the front, look for dark sides creating a vest, with a bright white stripe from throat to belly. White patches on the sides of rump are sometimes visible from behind. Most similar to pewees but larger and larger-billed, with more contrasting vest. Feeds on insects. Breeds in clearings and bogs in boreal or mountainous forests, but can be found in migration in open habitats with a mixture of woods and clearings. Distinctive whistled song is often likened to "quick, three beers;" also listen for "pip" call notes.
Abyssinian Ground-Thrush
Geokichla piaggiae
Large, brown-backed, orange-breasted thrush with bold white wingbars. Found in the understory of montane forest. Generally shy and scarce. The song is a musical and typically thrush-like, a chatty and cheerful series of whistles and chuckles. The call is a very thin, rising trill. Very similar to Orange Ground-Thrush, but has a different pattern on the head: an orange crown, a plain face, and a complete white eye-ring.
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