Olive Oropendola
Psarocolius bifasciatus
Large, dark oropendola of mature rainforest. Olive green with reddish brown wings and a bright yellow tail. Bill is black with colorful pink patch at the base and an orange tip. More likely to be found in mature upland forest than the similar Russet-backed Oropendola of open habitats. Nests colonially, building large hanging nests in the crowns of tall trees in the canopy.
识别特征
The sexes of this icterid are very different in size: the male is 52 cm (21 in) long and weighs 550 g (1.2 lbs); the smaller female is 41 cm (16 in) long and weighs 260 g (9.2 oz). Confusingly, the name "olive oropendola" is usually used for this combined species, despite the fact that the nominate subspecies has no olive to its plumage, as its head and chest are black (these are olive in P. b. yuracares). The back, wings and belly of this large oropendola are brown, the outer rectrices are yellow (i.e. tail appears all yellow from below), the bare facial skin is pink, the eyes are brown, and the bill is black with an orange tip. The superficially similar green oropendola has an olive back and wing-coverts, lacks extensive bare facial-skin, has a pale bill with an orange tip, and blue eyes.
分类信息
- 学名
- Psarocolius bifasciatus
- 命名信息
- (Spix, 1824)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Icteridae
- 属
- Psarocolius
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The olive oropendola is a canopy bird that most often is seen flying high over the tops of the trees. Compared to other oropendolas it is a "loner" most frequently seen alone or in pairs, and drawing less attention to itself than its cousins, despite the greater size. Small groups are seen occasionally, and may even mix with other oropendolas. The breeding colonies are small, usually with fewer than five birds. The nest is a hanging woven ball fibers and vines, 60–180 cm long, high in a tree. Relatively little is known about these bird's breeding habits.<p>The omnivorous diet appears to be fairly catholic. They may eat small vertebrates (especially amphibians and reptiles), large insects, nectar, and fruit. They often travel great distances through the forests, except when lingering around their nesting colony.<p>The song of the olive oropendola is a liquid, gurgling and "expanding" stek-ek-ek-ek-eh-eh-eh-o'o 'GLOOP!, given as a displaying male falls forward on a perch and rustles his wings over the back. Nasal raap and whrup calls are given while in flight or when foraging.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Stercorarius skua
Powerful dark brown seabird, resembles a dark, heavily built immature gull. Note eye-catching white flashes in the primaries when in flight. Adults have distinct pale mottling on the upperparts, which serves to separate them from adults of the very similar South Polar Skua. Juveniles are more uniformly colored, with warm-colored and largely unmarked underparts; note bulkier build and more powerful flight than Pomarine Jaeger. Breeds locally on moorland of islands and coasts in northern Europe, where aggressive near nests. Otherwise lives at sea, but may be seen from shore during windy conditions during migration periods. Feeds by pirating gulls and other seabirds, also by scavenging at fishing boats.
Cream-winged Cinclodes
Cinclodes albiventris
Fairly common in the high Andes, where found at bogs, lakeshores, along streams, in agricultural areas of villages, usually near water. Feeds on the ground with a hopping and shuffling gait, sometimes cocking tail. Often in same areas as similar but larger and less numerous White-winged Cinclodes. Cream-winged is distinguished by duller brown (less rusty) upperparts, pale buffy tail corners (bold white on White-winged), and narrower white wing stripe shown in raised wing song display.
Usambara Hyliota
Hyliota usambara
A medium-sized, generic-looking warbler-like bird of Tanzania’s Usambara Mountains with a blue-black back, a white wing patch, and a pale breast suffused with a yellow-orange tinge. Found very locally in humid foothill forest, where it forages in the canopy and sometimes joins mixed flocks with other birds. Easily recognized as the only hyliota within its tiny range. Can appear warbler-like, but separated from all warblers by the white wing patch. The vocalizations are not well known and seem to be easy to overlook, but do include quiet “pit” notes.
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