Shining Sunbeam
Aglaeactis cupripennis
Large, dark-brown hummingbird with lilac-gold iridescent lower back and rump. Like other sunbeams, it has a proportionally short bill for a hummingbird. Inhabits high elevation, semi-arid montane ridges and cloud forests. You are my sunbeam, my Shining Sunbeam / You make me happy when you display / Aglaeactis cupripennis / Please don’t take my sunbeam away.
识别特征
The shining sunbeam is 12 to 13 cm (4.7 to 5.1 in) long. Males weigh 7.6 to 8.1 g (0.27 to 0.29 oz) and females 6.9 to 7.5 g (0.24 to 0.26 oz). Both sexes have a short, straight, black bill. Unique among sunbeams, neither sex has any white plumage. Males of the nominate subspecies have a dark brown crown and upper back; their lower back and rump are lilac-gold becoming silvery green on the uppertail coverts. Their tail feathers are dark brown to rufous, usually with bronzy edges. Their throat is rufous dotted with dusky gray, the breast a patchy buff, and the belly reddish brown. From north to south, the male's underparts become brighter, the crown darker, and the tail redder. Females are similar to the males but the gold and green of the lower back and rump are duller or absent. A. c. caumatonota differs from the nominate with an iridescent amethyst rump and purplish amethyst uppertail coverts.
分类信息
The shining sunbeam currently (early 2022) has two recognized subspecies, the nominate A. c. cupripennis and A. c. caumatonota. In the past the species had been subdivided into as many as six subspecies. In addition, what is now the purple-backed sunbeam (A. aliciae) has also been treated as a subspecies of shining sunbeam.
- 学名
- Aglaeactis cupripennis
- 命名信息
- (Bourcier, 1843)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Aglaeactis
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of shining sunbeam is found in all three Andean ranges of Colombia and south from there through Ecuador to Peru's departments of La Libertad and Huánuco. A. c. caumatonota is found in Peru from the nominate's range south to the departments of Lima and Cuzco.<p>The species inhabits sub-páramo to páramo, landscapes characterized by grasslands with scattered shrubs and trees. It also inhabits cloudforest and semi-arid ridges with a few trees. In elevation it ranges from 2,500 to 4,300 m (8,200 to 14,100 ft).
- 迁徙
- Vertical migration
行为
In Colombia at least, the shining sunbeam makes seasonal elevational movements.<p>The shining sunbeam forages for nectar at all levels from the ground to treetops. It feeds at a wide variety of bromeliads, vines, and trees including Embothrium, Puya, and Fuchsia, and males defend patches of flowering plants. The species also feeds on small arthropods by hawking.<p>The shining sunbeam's breeding seasons differ throughout its range, from March to September in Colombia, between February and April in Ecuador, and in (and possibly between) November and April in Peru. It builds a compact cup nest of moss and cobweb lined with soft plant fibers and sometimes decorated on the outside with bark or lichen. It is placed on a branch or epiphyte, usually 4 to 10 m (10 to 30 ft) above ground but sometimes as high as 15 m (50 ft). The female alone incubates the clutch of two white eggs for 16 to 18 days; fledging occurs 24 to 27 days after hatch.<p>The shining sunbeam's song is "high-pitched chirping notes, 'tsip...chew...chew...tseep.....tsip..chew...'". Its calls include "single upslurred 'suweet' notes and single high-pitched 'see' notes."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Common Eider
Somateria mollissima
Flocks of these large sea ducks enliven northern coastlines. Males are white and black with a soft suffusion of green on the nape. Immature males are variable and messy-looking with patches of black and white. Females vary from rich rufous-brown to cold grayish, always with extensive black barring covering body and wings. Slight variation in bill shape and color across subspecies, especially obvious on males; Pacific birds have brightest orange bills, most others have greenish bills. Dives to feed on mollusks and other crustaceans. In late summer, look for flocks of females with dozens of ducklings; broods often join together. Compare females with other eider species, and note details of bill and head shape.
Flores Green-Pigeon
Treron floris
A small, largely green pigeon with bold, scattered pale markings on its wings. Adults show largely pale bills while immatures have dark bills. Small groups found in varied habitats with trees, from forests to open woodlands. In most of its range it is the only Treron green-pigeon, but where it overlaps with Pink-necked Green-Pigeon, note the extensive pale markings on the wing of Flores Green-Pigeon and the absence of a pink-orange breast patch. Song is a series of soft whistles, “woo-wo-OW,” rising at end. Also gives harsher guttural notes.
Great Rosefinch
Carpodacus rubicilla
As the name suggests, a large rosefinch. Male is bright pink with a dark face and frosty specks on the underparts. Female is streaky brown all over. Very similar to Streaked Rosefinch; look out for unstreaked upperparts in the male and softer, larger white spots on the underparts. Prefers more sparsely vegetated areas at higher elevations than Streaked Rosefinch, favoring alpine and subalpine scree slopes, boulder fields, and other open and barren environments; descends into similar habitat in the winter. Gives various chips, cheeps, and wheezy notes.
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