White-winged Snowfinch
Montifringilla nivalis
Distinctive long-tailed and long-winged inhabitant of high alpine zones; can be found slightly lower down in winter and around human habitation (towns, monasteries, ski resorts), where it can be quite approachable. Black-and-white wings striking in flight. In the breeding season, the bill is dark and the chin is black (bill yellowish and chin patch absent in nonbreeding season). The head is paler grey in winter. Feeds on seeds and insects. Song consists of buzzy warbles and chirps. Gives nasal “reep” calls and dry chatters.
识别特征
The white-winged snowfinch is a large stocky snowfinch at 16.5–19 centimetres (6.5–7.5 in) in length. It has brown upperparts, white underparts and a grey head. There is a long narrow white wing panel. In summer, the bill is black, and there is a black bib. The bib is lost in winter and the bill becomes yellow. Sexes are similar.<p>In flight, it shows black wings with huge white wing panels, and a white edged black tail. This bird has a chattering song with many trills, and variety of rolling or creaky calls.
分类信息
In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the white-winged snowfinch in his Ornithologie based on a specimen but without specifying where it had been collected. He used the French name Le pinçon de neige ou la niverolle and the Latin Fringilla nivalis. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the white-winged snowfinch. Linnaeus included a brief description, used the binomial name Fringilla nivalis and cited Brisson's work. Linnaeus listed the type location as "America". The type location was subsequently designated as Switzerland. The specific name nivalis is Latin for 'snowy' or 'snow-white'. This species is now placed in the genus Montifringilla that was introduced by the German ornithologist Christian Ludwig Brehm in 1828.<p>Seven subspecies are recognised:
- 学名
- Montifringilla nivalis
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1766)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Passeridae
- 属
- Montifringilla
分布与栖息地
It is a resident breeding species on bare mountains, typically above 1,500 metres (4,900 ft), across southern Europe (Pyrenees, Alps, Corsica, Balkans) and through central Asia to western China. It nests in crevices or rodent burrows, laying 3–4 eggs.
- 繁殖区
- PAL : sw, c Palearctic in rocky alpine barrens, meadows, buildings: n Spain, s France to Austria, Corsica, Balkans and Greece, s, e Turkey, Caucasus to sw Russia, s, nw Iran, c, e Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and se Kazakhstan through Xinjiang (nw China), far sc Russia and w, c Mongolia
- 非繁殖区
- some movement to lower elevations
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-winged snowfinch's food is mainly seeds with some insects. It is fearless, and will forage around ski resorts. It is hardy, and rarely descends below 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) even in hard winter weather.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Oriental Cuckooshrike
Coracina javensis
A large gray cuckooshrike with a strong, hooked bill. Upperparts are mostly gray with black primaries; male darker than female. Rump and upper tail are paler than back, which is apparent in flight. Male has gray throat and upper breast becoming paler on the belly. Female generally has paler underparts with faint gray bars except from the lower belly to the tail. Both sexes have a dark patch from the bill to slightly behind the eye, giving a masked impression. Juvenile is brownish, heavily scaled with whitish-buff, and mottled on the underparts. Immature has broader white edges to wing feathers. Vocal. Call is a two-noted, rather nasal “gii-yaak,” uttered in flight as well as from a perch. Inhabits lightly wooded country, avoiding wet forests.
Black-winged Saltator
Saltator atripennis
Sharply patterned saltator found in Andean foothills from Colombia to Ecuador, mostly below 1,500 m. Mostly black face with bold white eyebrow, small white patch on side of neck, and white throat. Underparts pale gray, wings black, back dull olive. Sexes alike. Usually travels in pairs or small groups through the middle to upper levels of forests and edges, not as common in second growth or gardens. Sometimes follows mixed-species flocks.
Bhutan Laughingthrush
Trochalopteron imbricatum
Small laughingthrush, brown with gray-powdered cheeks and faint pale streaking on the back and underparts. Restricted to thick scrubby or bushy edge and understory around 1000-3000 meters of elevation; most common towards the middle of this range. Forages near or on the ground, usually in pairs or small groups. Song whistled or burry, usually composed mostly of 2-3 downslurred notes.
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