Yellow Bittern
Botaurus sinensis
Very small heron of marshy, well-vegetated water bodies. Adult pale orangish brown or yellow, depending on the light, with a narrow dark cap. Juvenile darker above with pale feather edges. Can be inconspicuous in dense vegetation, but frequently makes short flights; on flying birds, note dark flight feathers contrasting with pale yellowish wing coverts. Typically quiet, but occasionally gives harsh grating calls when flushed.
识别特征
The yellow bittern is a small species at 36 to 38 cm (14 to 15 in) in length, with a short neck and longish bill. It has yellow green legs, an ivory bill (darker on top), a short black tail and yellow irises. The male of the species has a dark cap, chestnut head and neck, with a uniformly dull yellow body above and buff below. The female's cap, neck and breast are streaked, with a rufous hindneck and upper back and streaked dark red brown and buff under parts. The juveniles of the species resemble the female but is more boldly streaked, brown on its head and back, and mottled with buff above.
分类信息
The yellow bittern was formally described in 1789 by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Systema Naturae. He placed it with the herons, cranes, storks and bitterns in the genus Ardea and coined the binomial name Ardea sinensis. Gmelin based his description on the "Chinese heron" that had been included by the English ornithologist John Latham in his multi-volume work A General Synopsis of Birds. Latham based his description on a collection of Chinese drawings. The yellow bittern is now one of ten species placed in the genus Ixobrychus that was introduced in 1828 by the Swedish naturalist Gustaf Johan Billberg. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek ixias, a reed-like plant and brukhomai, to bellow. The specific epithet sinensis is Modern Latin meaning "China". The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
- 学名
- Botaurus sinensis
- 命名信息
- (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
- 目
- Pelecaniformes
- 科
- Ardeidae
- 属
- Botaurus
分布与栖息地
Yellow bittern's are found in fresh water marshes and swamps. It nests in small constructed platforms of reeds or twigs in the vegetation of reed beds or in trees and shrubs adjacent to or above water. They lay four to six pale blue-green eggs.
- 繁殖区
- PAL, IO, OR : Oman, Inner Is. (ne Seychelles), Pakistan and Sri Lanka through se Russia and Japan s to se Asia, Indonesian Arch., Philippines to w Micronesia
- 非繁殖区
- To s India, Andaman and Nicobar is. and Bismarck Arch.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Yellow bitterns feed on a variety of insects, fish, amphibians, crustaceans and molluscs.
保护状况
The yellow bittern is protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918.
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Seram Imperial-Pigeon
Ducula neglecta
A big pigeon with a green back and tail, a pale gray head and underparts, and a noticeable white eye-ring. Inhabits a limited range in the south Moluccas. Singles or pairs occur within forest and forest edge in the lowlands and hills. Unmistakable, as it is the only large pale gray and green pigeon within its range. Vocalizations include an “ooWOO” call with a purring quality to the second syllable. Also gives a descending series of short “oo” notes.
Plain Pigeon
Patagioenas inornata
A large pale pigeon of woodlands and forest edges; often found perching high in trees. Its ruddy shoulders and unbanded tail readily separate it from the similar Ring-tailed Pigeon. When perched, note the whispy whitish leading edge to wing, seen as a bar on upperwing in flight, that is suggestive of White-winged Dove, but that species has brighter white wing markings and is smaller. Scaly-naped and White-crowned Pigeons are much darker. Call is a soft, deep “HOOO-hoo-hoooo” and variations thereof but never similar to “oooOOO-hooo” of Ring-tailed Pigeon.
Javan Shortwing
Brachypteryx montana
A small, dark songster of montane rainforest floor and undergrowth on Java. Male is overall slaty-gray but slightly paler on the belly. Female has a slaty-gray head and chest, rufous-brown tail, rump, wings and back, and a slightly paler orange-brown belly. Both sexes have thin, white eyebrows and long, black legs. Forages on the ground but also hops on logs and low branches. Male is superficially similar to Javan Blue Robin but the shortwing’s tail is shorter and it lacks the white forehead. Song is a series of random, tuneless whistles.
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