Tasmanian Thornbill
Acanthiza ewingii
Small bird with thin pointed bill. Upperparts brown, underparts grayish brown, with dark red eye, reddish-brown forehead, and pale gray throat with indistinct streaking. Similar Brown Thornbill has shorter tail, grayer flanks, and a pale instead of rufous-brown wing panel. Endemic to Tasmania, where found in wet forests with well-developed shrub layer.
识别特征
The Tasmanian thornbill is olive-brown above, darkening toward the back and tail, and can exhibit a patch of reddish-brown colouration on the forehead. The wings are dark grey with olive-brown edge lining. Grey on light grey scalloping is present from the chin to breast, with similar scalloping occurring on the sides of the head. The bill, feet, and legs are all dark grey and the eyes are distinctly large and dark, with red irises.<p>It's long, thin, thorn-shaped beak is a distinguishing characteristic of the Acanthiza (thornbill) family.<p>Visibly fluffy, white under-tail coverts are a distinguishing feature of the species.<p>The Tasmanian thornbill averages in size at around 10 cm and shows no significant coloration or size differentiation between sexes.<p>The Tasmanian and brown thornbills both occupy similar habitat, and are strikingly similar in appearance and behaviour, hence they are often easily confused.<p>There are five principal, physical, differences to distinguish between the two species:
分类信息
- 学名
- Acanthiza ewingii
- 命名信息
- Gould, 1844
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Acanthizidae
- 属
- Acanthiza
分布与栖息地
The Tasmanian thornbill is endemic to Tasmania and the Bass Strait Islands and is a common resident of rainforests, wet forests, and scrublands. It shares much of its range with the brown thornbill, but tends to occupy the wetter areas of the habitat, often choosing to live in dense scrub around wet gullies rather than the drier, more open slopes.<p>Temperate rainforest has been established to be the preferred habitat of the Tasmanian thornbill, but its range of suitable habitats also include Mediterranean-style shrubby vegetation, bogs, marshes, fens, swamps, peatlands, and shrub-dominated wetlands.<p>The subspecies A. e. rufifrons (King Island Tasmanian thornbill) occupies similar habitat but on King Island and is endemic there.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Tasmanian thornbill is primarily insectivorous, but will sometimes include seeds and fruits into its diet. It is typically arboreal, and will forage at all levels of the forest including the ground, leaves, and the bark of trunks, branches, and twigs.<p>Tasmanian thornbills typically breed from September to January, and will build a small, neatly rounded, domed nest in low, dense vegetation. The nest itself is constructed of grass, green mosses, and fine strips of bark, and is enclosed at the entrance by a hinged flap. Within the nest, the thornbill will lay 3 or 4 eggs; however, neither the exact period of incubation of these eggs, nor the period from hatching to independence are known. The eggs themselves can range from off-white, with large brown freckles – concentrated toward the base of the egg, to a brown/bronze colour with smaller dotted dark brown/black freckles – again concentrated towards the base.<p>The Tasmanian thornbill has the warbling style of call that is characteristically attributed to the Acanthizidae (Australian warbler) family, and its main call has been described phonetically as a zit zit zit sound.
保护状况
The Tasmanian thornbill is common and widespread throughout Tasmania and the Bass Strait Islands, and has been classified by Birdlife International as a secure species of least concern on the ICUN Red List of Threatened Species.<p>However, due to ongoing habitat destruction and heavy pesticide use, its population is suspected to be in decline.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Great Black Hawk
Buteogallus urubitinga
Uncommon in forest, marshes, and mangroves, where usually greatly outnumbered by similar Common Black Hawk. Slightly larger and lankier than Common Black Hawk, with longer legs and tail, and adults of the two species have very different calls in flight. Adult Great Black has 2 white tail bands (1 on Common) and less extensive yellow in face. Immature looks whiter-headed than Common (no big black moustaches), and its longer tail has narrower and more numerous pale bars. Usually warier than Common, which can be quite unconcerned by people.
Sahul Cicadabird
Edolisoma tenuirostre
Woodland bird of eastern and northern Australia and New Guinea. Strong sexual dimorphism in plumage. Male dark slaty-gray, with black around bill, and black on wings. Female brown, with dark line through eye, extensive fine barring on chest and belly, and fairly plain brown wings (much browner and lacking the white wingbars of Varied Triller). Shows geographical variation, especially in female plumage. Found in the canopy of a wide variety of forest, woodland, scrub, and savanna habitats. Calls include a long (10-second) sequence of insect-like repeated buzzes (hence its name), also a slower version, and a robin-like sequence of clear whistled notes.
Rufous-naped Lark
Corypha africana
A large, robust, rusty lark with a short crest, a hefty bill, and a prominent rufous wing panel that is obvious in flight. Geographically highly variable, and does not always show a rufous nape. Can vary from rich rufous-brown to pale and sandy in overall coloration. Pairs are resident in open grassland, grassy savanna, woodland, and cultivated areas. It is most conspicuous in the spring and summer, when it perches up singing a sweet, simple song of 3-5 notes such as “treee-leee-treeloo,” occasionally drooping its wings and jumping with a small flutter, exposing the rufous wings that it shares with some other larks.
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